EXERCISE 1.1

1. tå 2. wó 3. nï 4. qïng. 5. xiìxie! 6. pøtñnghuè. 7. nï 8. tå 9. huånyîng!

EXERCISE 1.2

1. he, she, it 2. I 3. You 4. Please 5. Thanks! 6. Mandarin 7. You 8. he, she, it 9. Welcome!

EXERCISE 3.1

1. wó hço. 2. wómen hço. 3. tåmen hço. 4. nï hço? 5. tå hço. 6. nïmen hço.

EXERCISE 3.2

1. I['m] well. 2. We [are] O.K. 3. They are good. 4. You [are] well? 5. He/she/it [is] good. 6. YOU [are] well.

EXERCISE 4.1

1. nï hço ma? 2. tåmen hço ma? 3. wó hço ma? 4. nïmen hço ma? 5. tå hço ma? 6. wómen hço ma?

EXERCISE 4.2

1. How are you? (You [are] well, eh?) 2. Are they good? 3. Am I alright? 4. How are YOU? 5. Is it good? (or Is he/she O.K.?) 6. How are we?

EXERCISE 5.1

1. tå hën hæo. 2. nïmen bù hço. 3. tå bù hço. 4. wómen hën hço. 5. tåmen bù hço. 6. nï hën hço.

EXERCISE 5.2

1. He is indeed/very well. or It's quite O.K. 2. YOU are not well. 3. He/she is not good/well. 4. We are very well. 5. They are not good/well. 6. You are very/certainly well.

EXERCISE 6.1

1. wó shð Fred. 2. tå shð Bill. 3. nï rìnshi Bill. 4. tåmen rìnshi Jack ma? 5. wómen rìnshi Jack. 6. tåmen bö rìnshi Jack. 7. wó bö shð Bill. 8. tå kèn. 9. nï bö kèn. 10. wó bö kèn tå. 11. qïng kèn tå.

EXERCISE 6.2

1. I am Fred. 2. He is Bill. 3. You know Bill. 4. They know Jack, do they? 5. We know Jack. 6. They do not know Jack. 7. I am not Bill. 8. He reads. 9. You don't read. 10. I do not read it. 11. Please read it.

EXERCISE 7.1

1. nï shð yîge hço pêngyou. 2. tå bù hço. 3. tå bö shð yîge hço pêngyou. 4. wó shð yîge hço pêngyou ma? 5. nïmen shð [hën] hço [de] pêngyou.* 6. tåmen shð pêngyou ma? 7. tå shð yîge hço xðnxí. (See also another measure word in Study 24 for flat, rectangular things like a written message: ‘zhång’; hence ‘yðzhång xðnxí’.)

* Note: Remember that with all except the simplest of adjectives (which are written with one Chinese character) you should insert ‘de’. Hence, use ‘hço pêngyou’, but use ‘de’ in ‘hën hço de pêngyou’ and ‘bù hço de pêngyou’.

EXERCISE 7.2

1. You are a good friend. 2. He is not good. 3. He is not a good friend. 4. Am I a good friend? 5. YOU are [very] good friends.* 6. Are they friends? 7. It is a good message.

EXERCISE 8.1

1. wó shð nège rên. 2. nï rìnshi zhìge pêngyou. 3. nège rên shð yîge hço pêngyou. 4. zhì bö shð yîge pêngyou. 5. zhìge pêngyou shð [hën] hço [de] rên. 6. nè shð yîge hço pêngyou ma? 7. tå rìnshi nège rên. 8. nège dñngxi shð hço. 9. zhìge dñngxi shð bö hço. 10. nège xðnxí shð yîge hço dñngxi. 11. qïng kèn zhìge xðnxí. 12. zhìge pêngyou kèn nège xðnxí.

EXERCISE 8.2

1. I am that person. 2. You know this friend. 3. That person is a good friend. 4. This is not a friend. 5. This friend is a [very] good person. 6. That is a very good friend, eh? 7. He/she knows that person. 8. That thing is good. 9. This thing is not good. 10. That message is a good thing. 11. Please read this message. 12. This friend reads that message.

EXERCISE 9.1

1. zhìxié rên shð hço pêngyou. 2. tåmen shð nèxié rên. 3. nèxié [rên] rìnshð Jim. 4. wómen rìnshi zhìxié rên. 5. nïmen rìnshi nèxié ma? 6. nïmen kèn nèxié xðnxí. 10. qïng kèn zhìxié xðnxí.

EXERCISE 9.2

1. These men are good friends. 2. They are those persons. 3. Those [persons] know Jim. 4. We know these people. 5. Do YOU know those? 6. YOU read those messages. 10 Please read these messages.

EXERCISE 10.1

1. wó rìnshi nïde pêngyou. 2. zhì shð wóde pêngyou. 3. nèxié rên bö shð tåmende pêngyou. 4. nïde pêngyou hço ma? 5. tåde pêngyou bù hço. 6. qïng kèn wóde hço xðnxí.

EXERCISE 10.2

1. I know your friend. 2. That is my friend. 3. Those people are not their friends. 4. Is your friend well. 5. His/her friend is not well. 6. Please read my nice message.

EXERCISE 12.1

1. wó jîntian huð læi. 2. wómen huð xuêxî. 3. tåmen nèshî huð qù. 4. zhìge rên huð xuêxî tå. 5. nïmen mîngtiån huð læi ma? 6. nèshî wó bö huð læi. 7. tåmen jîntian bö huð xuêxî. 8. tå mîngtiån huð kèn nïde xðnxí. 9. wó nèshî huð xuêxî nïde xðnxí.

EXERCISE 12.2

1. I will come today. 2. We will study. 3. They will come at that point in time. 4. This person will study it. 5. We will come tomorrow, is it so? 6. I will not come at that time. 7. They will not study today. 8. He will read your message tomorrow. 9. I will study your message at that time.

EXERCISE 13.1

1. wómen xuêxî le. 2. nïmen qù le. 3. nï læi le. 4. nï mêi læi. 5. tå zuòtiån xuêxî [yòng] zhìge fångfç le. 6. tå zuòtiån zhìge lù qù le. 7. nïmen rìnshi tåmen le. 8. wó xuêxî pøtñnghuè le. 9. tåmen qù dèhuð le. 10. tåmen mêi rìnshi nïmen. 11. wó rìnshi zhìge rên le. 12. wó mêi rìnshi nège rên. 13. wó zuòtiån kèn nïde xðnxí le. 14. tå jíntiån xuêxî tåmende xðnxí le.

EXERCISE 13.2

1. We studied. 2. YOU came. 3. You came. 4. You did not come. 5. Yesterday he studied [‘use’, ‘using’] in this manner. 6. He went yesterday this way. 7. YOU knew them. 8. I studied Mandarin. 9. They went to the meeting. 10. They did not know YOU. 11. I knew this person. 12. I did not know that person. 13. I read your message yesterday. 14. He studied their message today.

EXERCISE 14.1

1. yîge rên. 2. yîbën shõ. 3. nèbën shõ. 4. tåmen gëi wó nèbën shõ le. 5. tå bù gëi wó zhìbën shõ. 6. wómen mîngtiæn huð gëi nï yðbën shõ. 7. tåmende dèhuð hën hço le. 8. gëi zhìbën shõ. 9. næ nïde shõ. 10. tåmen næ nïde shõ le. 11. wómen mêi næ nïde shõ. 12. wómen mêi næ wómende shõ. 13. yîge fængzi. (See also another measure word for buildings in Study 24: ‘zuô’; hence ‘yîzuô fængzi’.) 14. tå shuñ zhì[gì] *. 15. zhìbën shù shuñ yîge hço xðnxí.

* Note: ‘ge’ or ‘gì’ can be added here, if we want to focus on ‘this particular thing’ rather than ‘this situation in general’: if this syllable needs to be emphasized, use ‘gì’.

EXERCISE 14.2

1. a person. 2. a book. 3. that book. 4. They gave me that book. 5. He doesn't give me this book. 6. We will give you this book tomorrow. 8. Give this book. 9. Take your book. 10. They took your book. 11. We didn't take your book. 12. We didn't take our book. 13. a house. 14. He says this. 15. This book tells a fine message.

EXERCISE 14.3

1. nï bù shuñ tå. 2. nï shuñ nè[gì*] le. 3. tåmen mêi shuñ zhì[gì*]. 4. wómen huð næ wómende shõ. 5. nïmen bö huð næ nèbën shõ ma? 6. wó bù shuñ pøtñnghuè. 7. nège rên shuñ pøtñnghuè. 8. nège fængzi hën hço. 9. nï bù gëi wó wóde shõ.

* Note: See the note at Exercise 14.1 about ‘ge’ and ‘gì’.

EXERCISE 14.4

1. You don't say it. 2. You said that. 3. They didn't hear this. 4. We will take our book. 5. We won't take that book, will we? 6. I don't speak Mandarin. 7. That person speaks Mandarin. 8. That house [is] very good. 9. You don't give me my books.

EXERCISE 15.1

1. yèoshð wómen qù nèr, tåmen [jiù] huð læi zhìlï. 2. yèoshð nï bö qù nèr, tåmen bö huð læi zhìlï. 3. jiçrö tåmen bù hço, wómen huð xuêxî bö huð xuêxî? 4. röguó nèbën shõ shð hço shõ, wó huð xuêxî tå. 5. jiçrö wó shð nï, wó xuêxî nèbën shõ. 6. jiçrö nïmen xuêxî wómende shõ, nïmen zhídao wìntîde dæfù? 7. yèoshi nïmen kèn wómende shõ, nïmen jiù huð zhídao shõde xðnxí.

EXERCISE 15.2

1. If (in the case that) we do go there, [then] they will come here. 2. If (in the case that) you do not go there, [then] they will not come here. 3. If (supposing) they are not well, we will not study, eh? 4. If (on the condition that) that book is a good book, I will study it. 5. If (supposing) I were you, I'd study that book. 6. If (supposing) YOU study our book, YOU will know the answers to (‘of’) the questions. 7. If YOU read our book, then YOU will know its message.

EXERCISE 16.1

1. tå hê wó shð hço pêngyou, dènshð wómen bö rìnshi nèxié rên. 2. tå læi zhìlï, nèshî wómen qù dèhuð. 3. wómen bö rìnshi zhìge rên, dènshð wómen rìnshi nège rên. 4. tå zuòtiån mêi læi, dènshð tå mîngtiån [huð] læi. 5. tå huôzhë zuòtiån huôzhë jíntiån læile, dènshð wó zhídao tå jíntiån zèi zhìr . 6. gëi tå tåde shõ, bùræn nï bö huð shð tåde pêngyou! 7. wó qù wó pêngyou de fængzi, hæishð tåmen læi zhìr. 8. xuêxî zhìbën shõ, nèshî nï huð zhídao wómende lù. 9. tå næ nèbën shõ le, [ ]* tåmen gëi tå nïde pêngyou le. 10. wó zhídao nïmende shõ hê tåde xðnxí. 11. wó kèn tåde shõ le nèshî wó xuêxî tåde xðnxí.

* Note that ‘and’ is not translated when it is used to connect two clauses each with its own verb.

EXERCISE 16.2

1. He and I are good friends, but we don't know those people. 2. He comes here, and we go to the meeting. 3. We don't know this person, but we know that person. 4. He didn't come yesterday, but he will come tomorrow. 5. He came either yesterday or today, but we know [that] he's here today! 6. Give him his book, otherwise you won't be his friend! 7. I go to my friend's house, or [alternatively] they come here. 8. Study this book, and then you will know our way. 9. He took that book, [and] they gave it to your friend. 10. I know YOUR book and its message. 11. I read his book, and then I learned its message.

EXERCISE 16.3

1. nï mêi xuêxî shõ, yíncï nï bù zhídao dæfù. 2. wó mêi xuêxî wóde shõ, yuænyín shð wó mêi zhídao nï jíntiån huð læi. 3. yínwìi wóde pêngyou bù hço, suóyï wó jíntiån bö huð qù nïde fængzi. 4. tåmen mêi zhídao wó huð zèi zhìlï. 5. wó bù zhídao shðfòu tå mîngtiån huð hço. 6. yóu fængzi zèi zhìr dènshð mêi yóu fængzizèi nèr; yíncï wómen zhídao tåmende fængzi bö shð zèi nèr. 7. wó mêi kèn shõ, yíncï wó bù zhídao shõde xðnxí.

EXERCISE 16.4

1. You did not study the book, therefore you don't know the answers. 2. I did not know [that] you would (will) come today, for this reaon I did not study my book. [I did not study my book; the reason is, I did not know you would come today.] 3. As my friend is not well, [so] I will not go to your house today. 4. They did not know [that] I would (will) be here. 5. I do not know whether he will be well tomorrow. 6. There are houses here, but there aren't houses there; so we know [that] their houses aren't there. 7. I didn't read the book, so I don't know the book's message.

EXERCISE 16.5

1. wóde pêngyou mêi zèi nèr. 2. wómen mêi rìnshi zhìge rên. 3. zhìr yóu shõ, dènshð nïde shõ bö zèi zhìlï. 4. nï zhídao ma, zhìge lù shð hço bù hço? 5. zhìge lù shð huôzhë hço huôzhë bù hço! 6. yóu wìntî hê dæfù. 7. zhìr shð wómende wìntî hê tåmende dæfù. 8. wó huð gëi nï wómende wìntî, nèshî nï qïng gëi wó nïde dæfù. 9. wó huð gëi wìntî, nèshî wó huð næ nïmende dèfö. 10. xiêxie nîn!

EXERCISE 16.6

1. My friend was not there. 2. We did not know this person. 3. Here there are books, but your book is not here. 4. You know, is it so, this way is good or not good? 5. This way is either good or bad! 6. There are questions and answers. 7. Here are our questions and their answers. 8. I will give you our questions, and then you, please, give me your answers. 9. I will give the questions, and then I will take YOUR answers. 10. Thank you! (polite form)

EXERCISE 16.7

1. wóde pêngyou bù rìnshi nïde mèma êr tå rìnshi nïde bèba. 2. wómen nèshî mêi rìnshi nège rên, êr wómen xiènzèi rìnshi tå. 3. tåmen læile zhìlï êr nèlï. 4. wómen huð læi êr dö nïde shõ. 5. tåde pêngyou dö êr xuêxî yðge hço xðnxí.

EXERCISE 16.8

1. My friend does not know your mother, but he knows your father. 2. We did not know that person at that time, but we know him now. 3. They came here but not there. 4. We shall come and read your book. 5. His friend reads and learns a good message.

EXERCISE 17.1

1. zhìbën shõ shð shênme? 2. nège pêngyou shð shêi? 3. shêi rìnshi zhìge rên? 4. nïmende dæfù shð shênme? 5. shêi yóu wìntî? 6. nï zhídao shêi gëile nï nèbën shõ? 7. nï wìishênme nège fångfç shuñle? 8. nï zhídao ma tåmen wìishênme mêi læi? 9. tå shênme shîhou qùle tåde fængzi? 10. wóde shõ zèi nçr?

EXERCISE 17.2

1. What is this book? 2. Who is that friend? 3. Who knows this person? 4. What is YOUR answer? 5. Who has questions? 6. You know who gave you that book? 7. Why did you speak in that manner? 8. Do you know why they did not come? 9. When did he go to his house? 10. Where is my book?

EXERCISE 17.3

1. nï zhídao bù zhídao tåmende fængzi zèi nçlï? 2. nï qù nçr? 3. nïmen shênme shîhou huð læi wómende dèhuð? 4. nï shênme shîhou huð gëi wó nïde dæfù? 5. nèbën shõde xðnxí shð shênme? 6. shêi gëi shõde xðnxí? 7. wó bù zhídao wó shênme shîhou huð qù nèr.

EXERCISE 17.4

1. Do you know or not where their house [is]? 2. Where are you going? 3. When will YOU come to our meeting? 4. When will you give me your answer? 5. What is the message of that book? 6. Who gave the book's message? 7. I don't know when I will go there.

EXERCISE 17.5

1. nï zënme zhídao nè[gì*]? 2. wó zënme qù nïde fængzi? 3. nï duñ rìnshi nège rên? 4. tåmen xuêxî zhìbën shõ duñ shén le? 5. zhìr yóu duñshço shõ? 6. duñshço rên qù dèhuð le? 7. tå shð shêi de bèba?

* Note: See the note at Exercise 14.1 about ‘ge’ and ‘gì’.

EXERCISE 17.6

1. How do you know that? 2. How will (= do) I come to your house? 3. To what extent do you know that person? 4. To what extent did they study this book? 5. Here are how many books? 6. How many people went to the meeting? 7. Whose father is he?

EXERCISE 17.7

1. shêi de mèma gëi nï nèxié shõ le? 2. nçge rên shð nïde pêngyou de bèba? 3. tåmen zhídao bù zhídao shêi de mèma læile? 4. wómen jíntiån huð xuêxî duñshço? 5. tåmen duñ shén zhídao dèhuð de lù? 6. nçbën shõ shuñ nège xðnxí? 7. tå zënyèng rìnshi nï? 8. nï zënyèng gëi tå zhìxié dæfù?

EXERCISE 17.8

1. Whose mother gave you those books? 2. Which person is your friend's father? 3. Do they know or not whose mother came? 4. How much will we study today? 5. To what extent do they know the way to (of) the meeting? 6. Which book said that message? 7. How (=in what manner) does he know you? 8. How did you give him this answer?

EXERCISE 18.1

1. shõ de fængzi 2. xuêxî de shõ 3. xuêxî de dèhuð 4. dèhuð de lù 5. lù de shõ 6. dèhuð de fængzi 7. shõ de xðnxí. 8. xuêxî de fångfç

EXERCISE 18.2

1. house of books 2. study book 3. study meeting 4. way of (to) the meeting 5. book of the way 6. meeting house 7. message of the book. 8. way of study

EXERCISE 18.3

1. wóde fængzi 2. pêngyou de bèba 3. nï bèba 4. shêi de mèma? 5. tå mèma 6. nïmende shõ 7. wó mèma de fængzi 8. zhëben shõ shð shêi de? 9. zhìge fængzi shð tåmende. 10. tå bù zhídao nïde fængzi. 11. wó bö rìnshi nï bèba. 12. tåmende pêngyou zuòtiån mêi rìnshi nï mèma dènshð tåmen jíntiån rìnshi tå yínwìi wó jíntiån shuñle tå shð shêi. 13. tå bèba kèn tå mèma de xðnxí le.

EXERCISE 18.4

1. my house 2. the friends' father 3. your father 4. Whose mother? 5. Her mother 6. YOUR books 7. my mother's house 8. This book is whose? 9. This house is theirs. 10. He doesn't know your house. 11. I don't know your father. 12. Their friends did not know your mother yesterday, but they know her today, because today I said who she is. 13. his mother's message

EXERCISE 18.5

1. hço [de] dèhuð 2. hën hço de pêngyou 3. bù hço de fångshð (or fångfç).

EXERCISE 18.6

1. good meeting 2. very good friend 3. not a good manner

EXERCISE 18.7

1. hço de shð wóde shõ. 2. wó zhídao nèxié shõ dènshð wó bù xuêxî bù hço de 3. wómen xuêxî hën hço de.

EXERCISE 18.8

1. The good one is my book. 2. I know those books, but I do not study bad ones. 3. We study very good ones.

EXERCISE 18.9

1. zhì shð shðdang fangfç 2. tåmen shðdang de xuêxî. 3. shðdang de shuñ! 4. tå kèn hën shðdang de.

EXERCISE 18.10

1. This is the proper manner 2. They study properly (in a proper manner). 3. Speak properly! 4. He reads very accurately.

EXERCISE 18.11

1. tå jíntiån xuêxî de hën hço. 2. Tå zuô de hën hço. 3. tåmen shuñ de bù hço. 4. nïmen shuñ de shðdang. 5. wó qùle dèhuð de. 6. tå shð mêi læi de. 7. nï zuòtiån kèn le hço de. 8. tå shð mêi kèn tåde shõ de! 9. tå shð bö kèn tåde shõ de!

EXERCISE 18.12

1. He studied very well today. 2. He makes [things] very well. 3. They speak (or spoke) badly. 4. YOU speak properly. 5. I went to the meeting! 6. He did not come! 7. You read this well yesterday. 8. He has not read his book! 9. He does not read his book!

EXERCISE 18.13

1. wómen qù nèr de zhídao. 2. Tå zuô de dèo nège dñngxi. 3. tåmen shuñ de xuêxî. 4. zhìbën shõ gëi wómen zhì de dèo.

EXERCISE 18.14

1. We could get to know [how] to go there. 2. He is capable of doing (= could manage to do) that thing. 3. They could learn to speak. 4. This book could give us this (= is capable of giving us this).

* Note: For the negative form, ‘couldn't’, replace ‘de’ with ‘bù’.

EXERCISE 18.15

1. zhìbën shõ shð nï gëile wó de. 2. nège lù shð wómen qù dèhuð de. 3. zhì bö shð wó xuêxî de shõ. 4. nï zhídao bù zhídao wó qù wóde fængzi de lù? 5. zhì bö shð nï bèba kèn de xðnxí.

EXERCISE 18.16

1. This book is what (=the one that) you gave me. 2. That way is [the one] that we go to the meeting. 3. This was not the book [the one] that we study. 4. Do you know or not the way [the one] that I go to my house? 5. This is not the message [the one] that your father read.

EXERCISE 18.17

1. nè shð xuêxî hço de rên. 2. zhìge rên shð zuô hën hço de dñngxi de pêngyou. 3. wóde nï rìnshi de pêngyou mîngtiån huð læi zhìr. 4. gëi wó nèbën shõ le de pêngyou zuòtiån læile. 5. zhìxié bù xuêxî de rên mêi læi le. 6. shêi zhídao næle wóde shõ de rên? 7. wó rìnshi qùle nèr de rên. 8. tåmen shð wó rìnshi de rên. 9. tåmen shð rìnshi wó de rên.

EXERCISE 18.18

1. That is a person who studies well. 2. This person is a friend who does very good things. 3. My friend whom you know will come here tomorrow. 4. The friend [the one] who gave me that book came yesterday. 5. These people [the ones] that do not study did not come. 6. Who knows [the one] who took my book? 7. I know (=am acquainted with) the one who went there. 8. They are the people whom I know. 9. They are the people who know me.

EXERCISE 18.19

1. wó bù zhídao tå mêi qù dèhuð de yuænyín. 2. qïng gëi wó nï bù xuêxîle de yuænyín. 3. zhì bö shð tå shuñ nè de yuænyín. 4. shênme shð nïmen mêi yóu nèxié shõ de yuænyín?

EXERCISE 18.20

1. I don't know [the reason] why he didn't go to the meeting. 2. Please give me [the reason] why you didn't study. 3. This was not why he said that. 4. What is the reason why YOU do not have those books?

EXERCISE 18.21

1. nï zhídao ma tå shênme shîhou xuêxî? 2. mîngtiån huð shð tåmen læi de. 3. nège rên shð shênme shîhou qù de? 4. zuòtiån shð wómen læi de.

EXERCISE 18.22

1. Do you know when he studies? 2. Tomorrow is when they will come. 3. When did that person go? 4. Yesterday is when we came (= the time of our coming).

EXERCISE 18.23

1. nège fængzi shð wó qù de fængzi*. 2. tåmen qùle wómen xuêxî nèlï de fængzi. 3. tåmen zuòtiån qùle wómen mîngtiån huð xuêxî de fængzi. 4. nï zhídao bù zhídao wóde shõ zèi nèr de dðfang*?

* Note that it is preferable to insert a word like ‘fængzi’, ‘dðfang’, ‘dñngxi’, or similar to make clearer the aspect being specified — ‘house’, ‘place’, ‘thing’, etc.

EXERCISE 18.24

1. That house is [the house] where I [will] go. 2. They went to the house where we study [there]. 3. They went yesterday to the house where we will study tomorrow [there]. 4. Do you know or not know [the place] where my book is [there]?

EXERCISE 18.25

1. qïng gèosu wó nï qù dèhuð de lù. 2. tåmen læile tåmen qù nïde fængzi de lù. 3. wó læi dèhuð de [lù] shð hën hço de lù. 4. shênme shð nï læi wóde fængzi de lù.

EXERCISE 18.26

1. Please tell me how (= the road or way that) you go to the meeting. 2. They came how (= the road or way that) they go to your house. 3. [How (= the way)] I come to the meetings is a very good way. 4. How do you come to my house? (=What is the way that you come to my house?)

EXERCISE 18.27

1. nï zhídao ma wó xuêxî de fångfç? 2. nï zhënme rênshi Tå de? 3. shênme shð nï rênshi wó de fångfç? 4. tå shuñhuè de fångfç bö shð hën hço de. 5. tå shuñhuè de fångfç mêi shð hço de.

EXERCISE 18.28

1. Do you know how (=the manner or way that) I study? 2. You know Him how? 3. What is the way how you know me? 4. How he speaks is not very nice. 5. How he spoke was not nice.

EXERCISE 18.29

1. nè shð [yí gì] wó jíntiån qù tåde fængzi de pêngyou. 2. nï shð tå mèma læile de rên. 3. zhì shð bèba tåde fængzi hën hço.

EXERCISE 18.30

1. That is the [‘very’] friend whose house I am going to today (= of whom I'm going to his house today. 2. You are the person whose mother came. (= of whom his mother came.) 3. This is the father whose house is very nice. (= This is the father [ ] his house is very nice.)

EXERCISE 18.31

1. zhì shð tå gëi de shõ. 2. nè shð tå næ de shõ. 3. tåmen shð wó zhídao de fængzi. 4. wó bù zhídao de dæfù shð zhìxié. 5. nèxié bö shð nïmen zhídao le de wìntî. 6. zhìge dèhuð bö shð wó bèba zhídao de. 7. wó huð xuêxî qù nèr de lù.

EXERCISE 18.32

1. This is the book [the one which] he gave. 2. That is the book [the one which] he took. 3. They are the houses [the ones which] I know 4. The answers [the ones which] I don't know are these. 5. Those are not the questions [the ones which] YOU knew. 6. This house is not [the one] which my father knows. 7. I shall study the way [which] goes there.

EXERCISE 19.1

1. tå gén wó shuñhuè. 2. tå mêi gén nï shuñhuè. 3. wó mîngtiån [huð] gén tå shuñhuè. 4. wómen huð bç tå gëi nï.* 5. tåmen lùguô zhìge fængzi. 6. nège rên lùguô wómende fængzi le. 7. tåmen tñngguô zhìbën shõ xuêxî le. 8. zhìge pêngyou fìng tå bèba de mîng shuñ [or: ‘zhð’] le. 9. nï còng jíntiån de dèhuð xuêxî le shênme hço dñngxi? 10. tå còng nïmende fængzi [chõ] læile. 11. tå còng Zhñngguò læi. 12. wó còng nèbën shõ xuêxî tåde xðnxí.

(Note that ‘bç’ is a device used to let you state the indirect object ‘tå’ before the direct object ‘nï’, and still make it clear what is happening to what or whom. Normally, in Chinese the direct object is stated before the indirect object.)

EXERCISE 19.2

1. He spoke with (=to) me. 2. He didn't speak with (= to) you. 3. I'll speak with him tomorrow. 4. We'll give it to you. 5. They go by way of this house. 6. That person came through our house. 7. They learned through this book. 8. This friend spoke [or: ‘managed’] in the name of his father. 9. What good thing did you learn from today's meeting? 10. He came [out] from YOUR house. 11. He comes from China. 12. I learned his message from that book.

EXERCISE 19.3

1. zhìge dñngxi shð gëi nï mèma. 2. tå næle zhìgì dñngxi gëi tåde pêngyou. 3. tå wìile jíntiån de dèhuð [êr*] læi(le). 4. wó huð tð nï bèba bç† nïde shõ gëi tåmen. 5. tåmen yòuyö yîge dèhuð jíntiån mêi læi.

(* Note that ‘êr’ can be used here to connect the cause of an action with the action itself.

† See the note at Exercise 19.1 about the use of ‘bç’)

EXERCISE 19.4

1. This thing is for your mother. 2. He took this for his friend. 3. He came for today's meeting. 4. I will give them your book on behalf of your father. 5. They didn't come today due to a meeting.

EXERCISE 20.1

1. zèi yîge fængzi lï 2. zèi nèbën shõ lïmian 3. zèi wóde lù shang

EXERCISE 20.2

1. in a house 2. inside that book 3. on my road

EXERCISE 20.3

1. wómende dèhuð huð shð zèi tåde fængzi lï. 2. shïdang de wìntî zèi zhìbën shõ lï. 3. nï mèma mêi zèi nïde fængzi lïmian. 4. tåde shõ zèi lù shang. 5. wó jíntiån huð zèi tåmende fængzi mian. 6. nïmende pêngyou de shõ zèi nège fængzi.

EXERCISE 20.4

1. Our meeting will be in his house. 2. Suitable questions are in this book. 3. Your mother was not inside your house. 4. Their books are upon the road. 5. I shall be at their house today. 6. YOUR friends' books are located in that house.

EXERCISE 20.5

1. zèi nège fængzi shèngmian 2. zèi wóde shõ xièmian 3. zèi nï bèba de fængzi lïmian 4. zèi dèhuð wèibian 5. zèi nïde pêngyou qiænmian 6. zèi tåmen mèma hôumian 7. zèi tåde pêngyou pængbian 8. zèi wómende dèhuð jðn

EXERCISE 20.6

1. on that house 2. under my book 3. inside your father's house 4. outside the meeting 5. in front of your friend 6. behind their mother 7. beside his friend 8. near our meeting

EXERCISE 20.7

1. nège rên zèi nïde fængzi shèngmian 2. nïde shõ zèi wóde xðnxí xièmian. 3. jíntiån de dèhuð huð zèi wóde fængzi lïmian. 4. zuòtiån de dèhuð zèi wóde fængzi wèibian le. 5. nïmënde pêngyou zèi nèxié rên qiænmian qùle. 6. nï bèba zèi nï mèma hôumian lèi le. 7. wó bèba zèi nï bèba pængbian. 8. tåmen læi jðn le [ ] shuñ "nï hço ma?" 9. zhìge jðn fængzi shð wó bèba de. 9. wó mèma de fængzi shð zèi nïde fængzi fùjðn.

EXERCISE 20.8

1. That person is on top of your house. 2. Your message is under my book. 3. Today's meeting will be inside my house. 4. Yesterday's meeting was outside their house. 5. YOUR friend went ahead of those people. 6. Your father came behind your mother. 7. My father is beside your father. 8. They came near [and] said, "How are you?" 9. This close house is my father's. 10. My mother's house is near your house.

EXERCISE 21.1

1. zèi yông yðbën shõ 2. gén nï bèba 3. mêiyóu hço pêngyou 4. zèi zuôtiån yïqiæn 5. zèi wómende dèhuð qíjiån 6. zèi mîngtiån yïhôu 7. còng nèshî yïlæi 8. dèo lù 9. dèo tåmende fængzi 10. guånyö zhìbën shõ.

EXERCISE 21.2

1. with (=by the use of) a book 2. with your father 3. without good friends 4. before yesterday 5. during our meeting 6. after tomorrow 7. since that time (= from that time on) 8. until the road 9. until their house 10. about this book

EXERCISE 21.3

1. wó zèi yîbën shõ yông zhídao tå. 2. nïmen huð zèi wómende dèhuð yông rìnshi tåmen. 3. wó zèi wómende dèhuð rìnshi nège rên. 4. tå zèi yông nèbën shõ zhídao zhìge dñngxi. 5. tåmen hê nïmen bèba qù le. 6. nï bèba mêiyóu nï mèma læi le. 7. tåmende pêngyou qù le zèi tåmen læi yïqiæn. 8 wómen huð qù zèi nï læi yïhôu. 9. còng wó kèn nïde xðnxí yïlæi wó zhídao zhìxíe wìntîde dæfù.

EXERCISE 21.4

1. I know it with [the use of] a book. 2. YOU will know them by means of the meetings. 3. I knew that person at our meetings. 4. He knows this thing by means of (=from) that book. 5. They went with YOUR father. 6. Your father came without your mother. 7. Their friend went before they came. 8. We will go after you come. 9. Since I read your message, I know the answers to these questions.

EXERCISE 22.1

1. tå xïhuan xuêxî. 2. nïmen xïwèng qù. 3. tåmen xiçng læi. 4. wómen këwèng zhídao.

EXERCISE 22.2

1. He likes to study. 2. YOU hope to go. 3. They want to come. 4. We wish to know.

EXERCISE 22.3

1. nïmen xïhuan xuêxî ma? 2. wó bèba xíwèng mîngtiån læi zhìr. 3. tåmen mèma xiçng zhídao tåmen bù xuêxî de yuænyín. 4. nï këwèng rìnshi wóde pêngyou ma? 5. tå xiçng qù tåmende fængzi. 6. wómen këwèng gëi nïmen yîge hço wìntî. 7. nï mèma wìi nï bèba xíwèng næ zhì. 8. wómen xïhuan qù wómende dèhuð. 9. wó xíwèng kèn nège xðnxí.

EXERCISE 22.4

1. Do YOU like to study? 2. My father would like to come here tomorrow. 3. Their mother wants to know the reason why they did not study. 4. Do you wish to know my friend? 5. He wants to go to their house. 6. We wish to give YOU a good question. 7. Your mother would like to take this for your father. 8. We like to go to our meeting. 9. I would like to read that message.

EXERCISE 22.5

1. wó xõyèo rìnshi nïde pêngyou. 2. xõyèo dèhuð zèi nèr. 3. tåmen bðxõ læi zhìr. 4. wómen yîdðng yèo qù dèhuð. 5. tå bèba gén tå mèma yínggåi shuñ.

EXERCISE 22.6

1. I need to know your friend. 2. It is necessary that the meeting be there. 3. They must (= are obligated to) come here. 4. We must (=have a necessity to) go to the meeting. 5. His father should speak to his mother.

EXERCISE 22.7

1. tå xõyèo yóu hço dæfù. 2. xõyèo shõ zèi zhìr. 3. xõyèo tåmende lù huð zèi zhìr. 4. wómen bðxõ læi dèhuð. 5. nïmen bðxõ qù zèi nège lù shang. 6. tåmen yîdðng yèo jíntiån gëi wómen nèxié shõ. 7. nï yínggåi shuñ wó tå. 8. wómen xõyèo kèn nïde xðnxí. 9. tåmen yínggåi kèn zhìge xðnxí.

EXERCISE 22.8

1. He needs to have good answers. 2. It is necessary that the book be here. 3. It is necessary that their road be here. 4. We must (= are obligated to) come to meetings. 5. YOU must (= need to) go on that road. 6. They have a necessity to give us those books tomorrow. 7. You should tell me that. 8. We need to read your message. 9. They should read this message.

EXERCISE 22.9

1. wó jíntiån huð kënêng kæn nïde xðnxí. 2. nï mîngtiån bù këyï qù tåmende fængzi. 3. shð, wó nêng kèn nïde xðnxí le. 4. tåmen mîngtiån dèo læi wómende dèhuð. 5. wó xíwèng nêng kèn zhìge xðnxí.

EXERCISE 22.10

1. I will have an opportunity to read your message today. 2. You are not permitted to go to their house tomorrow. 3. Yes, I was able to read your message. 4. They have a possibility of coming (=may be able) to our meeting. 5. I would like to be able to read this message.

EXERCISE 22.11

1. wó mîngtiån jðnlð kèn nïde shõ. 2. tå lðtö le læi zhìr, dènshð tå mêi nêng læi. 3. wóde pêngyou shð kèn nè hço de. 4. zhìge rên huð shðyông nïde xuêxîde fångshð. 5. tåmen rèng wó qù tåmende fængzi. 6. rèng wó shuñ! 7. gëi wó dö zhìgì! 8. gëi tå qù!

EXERCISE 22.12

1. I [will] endeavour to read your book tomorrow. 2. He tried to come here, but he wasn't able to come. 3. My friend can read it well. (= is in the situation of reading it well.) 4. This person will try out your study method. 5. They let me go to their house. 6. Let me speak! 7. Let me read that. 8. Let him go!

EXERCISE 22.13

1. wó èi tåmen. 2. tåmen èi wó. 3. wó nêng kèn yîge xðnxí. 4. mîngtiån jièn! 5. tåmen yóu wìntî ma? 6. nï kènjian tåmende fængzi ma? 7. tåmen liù xiæ zèi nèr? 8. tå xiçng liù xiæ zèi zhìr. 9. zhì kënêng shð zhén de.

EXERCISE 22.14

1. I love them. 2. They love me. 3. I can read a message. 4. See [you] tomorrow 5. They have questions, eh? 6. Do you see their house? 7. They stay there? 8. He wants to stay here. 9. This may be true.

EXERCISE 22.15

1. yîge zhén de pêngyou huð bång nï. 2. wó bèba zèi zhìge fængzi zhù le. 3. tåmen qù nèr le nèshî tåmen huî zhìr. 4. nïmen huð læi fçngwìn wómen ma? 5. nège rên luð xiæ zèi nïde dèhuð ma? 6. wóde pêngyou qù le jiènmièn tå mèma. 7. nèshî nï huð nêng zuô nïde fængzi!

EXERCISE 22.16

1. A true friend will help you. 2. My father lived in this house. 3. They went there, and then they returned here. 4. YOU will come to visit us, mm? 5. That person stayed at your meeting, eh? 6. My friend went to meet his mother. 7. Then you will be able to make your house!

EXERCISE 22.17

1. wó bù nêng mîngbai tåmende xðnxí. 2. nï mîngbai nïde shõ ma? 3. tå xíwèng kènjièn nïde bèba. 4. nï shênme nêng jièn? 5. qïng nièn zhìge xðnxí. 6. wómen yîdðng yèo gëi wómen mèma xië xïn. 7. Tå èi wómen, dènshð wómen èi bö èi Tå? 8. tåmen èihèo kèn shén de shõ. 9. nïmen yóu wómende xðnxí ma? 10. wómen zhídao zënme bðxõ èi Tå. 11. tåmen bö lðtö èi nèxié rên

EXERCISE 22.18

1. I cannot understand their message. 2. Can you understand your book? 3. He would like to get to see your father. 4. What can you see? 5. Please read aloud this message. 6. We must write a letter to our mother. 7. He loves us, but do we love [or not love] Him? 8. They love to read truthful books. 9. YOU have our message, do you? 10. We know how we must love Him. 11. They don't try to love those people.

EXERCISE 23.1

1. nï bù hço ma? bù, wó hën hço! xiìxie! 2. nï hço ma? shðde, wó hën hço! xiìxie! 3. nï bù hço ma? shðde, wó bù hço! 4. nï hço ma? bù, wó bù hço! 5. wó mêi gëi nï tå.

EXERCISE 23.2

1. Are you not well? Yes, I'm very well, thank you! 2. You are well, eh? Yes, I am very well! Thanks! 3. You are not well, eh? That's right, I'm not well! 4. You are well, mm? No, I'm not well! 5. I didn't give you it.

EXERCISE 23.3

1. nï nêng zuô zhì ma? — bù, wó bù nêng zuô tå! 2. tå bù læi, duð ma? — shðde duð, tå bù læi. 3. nï bù læi, duð ma? — bù, wó læi le!

EXERCISE 23.4

1. Can you make this? — No, I cannot make it! 2. He did not come, is that right? — That's right; he didn't come. 3. You didn't come, is that right? — That's not right; I did come!

EXERCISE 23.5

1. bùxö nièn xiæoxi zèi zhìge fængzi lï! 2. zhìxié rên mêi yóu bèba. 3. wóde bèba bù hço; [ ] tå bù zèi zhídao wómen shð shêi. 4. wó xíwèng yóngyuçn bö shð bù hço. 5. tåmen mèma shð cònglæi bù hço. 6. Tå cònglæi mêi zuô bù hço de dñngxi. 7. wómen cònglæi mêi kènjian nïde shõ.

EXERCISE 23.6

1. No reading messages aloud in this house! 2. Those people don't have a father. 3. My father is not well, [and] he no longer knows who we are. 4. I'd like never to be unwell. 5. Their mother is never well. 6. He never does bad things. 7. We never did see your book.

EXERCISE 24.1

1. zhìge dñngxi gëi wómen yðdiçn hço de yðjièn. 2. wó kèn yðzhång hço de xðnxí le. 3. nèzhång xðnxí zèi zhìzhång zhuñzi lï. 4. tåmen zuòtiån gëi wó yîfìn zæzhð. 5. wó kènjièn nèfìn zæzhð zèi wóde lù shang. 6. nïmende shõ lï zèi de nèfö huè gëi wó yîxié wìntî. 7. wómen xuêxî nèpiån wênzhång le guånyö lù hê fængzi. 8. tå qù nïde dèhuð yîcð dènshð wó qù nèr liçngcð

EXERCISE 24.2

1. This thing gives us a good reason. 2. I did read a nice message. 3. That message is in this book. 4. Yesterday they gave me a magazine. 5. I saw a magazine on my way. 6. That pic ture in YOUR book gives me some questions. 7. We studied that article about roads and houses. 8. He went to your meeting once, but I went there twice.

EXERCISE 24.3

1. tåmende shõ shuñ guånyö liçng zhóng rên. 2. zhìxié shð hço hê bù hço de. 3. wó xïhuan zhìduèn shõ, dènshð wó bù mîngbai nèduèn shõ. 4. tå xïhuan xuêxî zèi zhìzhång zhuñzi. 5. wómen kènjian zhìfö huè zèi nèzuô fængzi lï. 6. tåmen kèn le nèzhång xðnxí yîbièn, dènshð wómen kèn tå liçngbièn. 7. nïde pêngyou de fængzi zèi zhìduèn lù shang, [ ] wóde zçi nèduèn lù shang zèi zhìzuô fængzi fùjðn. 8. nèlìi dñngxi bång wó xuêxî shén de yðjièn. 9. qïng nièn zhìzhång xðnxí. 10. qïng kèn nèfìn zæzhð.

EXERCISE 24.4

1. Their book speaks about two types of people. 2. These are good and not good. 3. I like this book, but I don't understand that book. 4. He likes to study at this table. 5. We see this picture in that house. 6. They read that message through once, but we read it through twice. 7. Your friend's house is located on this road, [and] mine is on that road near this house. 8. That type of thing helps us learn truthful ideas. 9. Please read aloud this message. 10. Please read that magazine.