ÉTUDE SIMPLIFIÉE DE LA
STRUCTURE DE LA LANGUE BENGALI
Teaching
Truth in Bengali |
Enseignant la
Vérité en Bengali— apprendre le
bengali au moyen de français |
Vous êtes à : [Website - Home] > [Read or Speak a Language] > [Speak a Language] > [Speak Bengali] > [Enseignant la Vérité en Bengali – par Français] > [Étude simplifiée de la structure de la langue bengali]
This course will
help you to learn to speak Bengali language in a simple and correct manner from
the start. Instead of learning first the letters of the Bengali script, they
are replaced with Roman characters. (1 Corinthians 14:8)
Having prepared
the pronunciation, one will study enough of the structure, grammatical
rules and vocabularies. One will consider the elements of a sentence
one after another so as to put them together and express your message in
sufficient detail. This forms a sound
basis for you to construct meaningful conversations, adding additional
vocabulary yourself, as and when necessary.
(Zechariah 4:10)
To master the
full extent of the language, you can go on to study our full
course.
Ce cours vous aidera à parler la langue bengalie dès le commencement de
manière simple et correcte. Au lieu
d’apprendre au premier abord les lettres de l’écrit bengali, on les remplace
par des caractères latins. (1 Corinthiens 14:8)
Ayant préparé la prononciation, on étudiera
assez de la structure,
les principes de la grammaire, et des vocabulaires. On tiendra compte des éléments d’une phrase
l’un après l’autre pour les mettre ensembles et pour exprimer votre message en
assez de détail. Cela constitue une base
solide pour construire des conversations significatives en ajoutant vocabulaire
supplémentaire, comme et quand nécessaire.
(Zechariah 4:10)
Pour maîtriser l’étendue de la langue et la grammaire, vous pouvez
passer à l'étude du cours
plus profond.
LISTE DES MATIÈRES |
||
Click on the links: Cliquez sur les liens hypertexte |
||
Pronunciation of Roman Characters Prononciation des Caractères Latins (‘Romans’) |
||
Sentence Structure Made Easy La Structure des Phrases Rendue Facile |
||
Basic Grammar Syllabus
Programme d’Étude Élémentaire de la Grammaire |
||
Basic Grammar Exercises
Grammaire Élémentaire—Exercices avec Réponses |
||
Grammars GRAMMAIRES |
Exercises EXERCICES |
Details DÉTAILS |
Doers
(nouns and pronouns) Faiseurs
(les noms et les pronoms) |
||
Process
done (verb)—a simple past, present and future tense L’action
(verbe) — aux temps passé, présent et futur simples |
||
Object
forms of nouns and pronouns according to ‘case’ Formes
dans un complément d’objet des noms et des pronoms selon le ‘cas’ de leur
contexte |
||
Quality describing doers and objects (adjectives, possessive
pronouns, etc.) Qualité décrivant les faiseurs et les compléments d’objet
(adjectifs, pronoms possessifs, etc..) |
||
Manner
describing process done (adverbs) Manière
qui décrit l’action (adverbes) |
||
Connectives
linking to another clause Connecteurs
qui unient une proposition avec une autre (conjonctions de coordination) |
||
Conditional
sentences Les
phrases conditionnelles |
||
Interrogatives,
correlatives and relatives Les
mots interrogatifs, corrélatifs et relatifs |
||
Other
forms of expression common or without equivalent Autres
formes d’expression courantes ou sans équivalent |
||
[Exercise 10
[Exercice 10] |
Add
other features Ajouter
plus de fonctionnalités |
GENERAL NOTES
NOTES GÉNÉRALES
1. Note that throughout this course ‘YOU’ means the
plural of ‘you’.
2. Note that English pronouns underlined are equivalent to the honorific
form in Bengali.
3. Bengali letters underlined represent the ‘cerebral’ sound, not the ‘dental’
family.
4. In these Bengali spellings ‘_’ indicates that the adjacent letters get
brought together as one syllable.
5. In these Bengali spellings ‘-’ indicates that the adjacent letters are in
different syllables.
1. Dans ce cours ‘VOUS’ signifie ‘vous’ au pluriel.
2. Les pronoms français qui sont soulignés représentent la forme honorifique (“Sadhu”) du bengali.
3. Les lettres soulignées du bengali distinguent les sons cérébraux des sons dentales.
4. La forme des caractères du bengali peuvent changer selon leur contexte: indépendente, initiale, médiale, ou finale. Au contraire, les caractères latins (romans) ne changent jamais.
5. Dans les orthographes du bengali ‘_’ indique que les lettres adjacentes sont réunies en une seule syllabe.
6. Dans les orthographes du bengali ‘-’ indique que les lettres adjacentes appartiennent à des syllabes différentes.
[Go to Top
Haut de page] [Go to Contents Liste des
Matières]
AUDIO FILES TO GUIDE
PRONUNCIATION
FICHIERS AUDIO POUR GUIDER LA PRONONCIATION
1.
Sounds can be
played by clicking on the hyperlinks in the table. These call audio files on the website.
2.
The sounds can be
all be downloaded. If necessary, follow
the instructions given at this link, downloadsounds.htm.
3.
When you want
to learn the Bengali script, other helps are provided using audio files, such
as the sound charts
and other
pronunciation routines.
1. On peut entendre les sons en cliquant sur les liens hypertexte. Ceux-ci appellent les fichiers audio sur le site Web.
2. Aussi, on peut télécharger tous ces fichiers. Si nécessaire, suivez les instructions au lien downloadsounds.htm.
3. Lorsque vous voulez apprendre l’écrit du bengali, vous trouverez d’autres auxiliaires qui utilisent les fichiers audio, telles que des cartes des sons et d’autres routines de prononciation.
[Haut de page] [Liste des Matières]
PRONUNCIATION
OF ROMAN CHARACTERS
PRONONCIATION DES CARACTÈRES LATINS (‘ROMANS’)
Les Voyelles
PRONONCIATION DES VOYELLES |
|||
CARACTÈRES |
SON FRANÇAIS |
COMME DANS LE MOT FRANÇAIS |
APRÈS UNE |
“ ` ” |
(sans voyelle) |
(pas de son après “l” en…)
appel_ |
|
a |
“a” ou |
sans, |
ka |
“a” long |
car |
||
a , a, yaa |
“a” plat |
massif |
ka |
“i” court |
fil |
||
“i” long |
fille, prise |
||
“ou” court |
bouton |
||
“ou” long |
bouche |
||
“ri” court |
brillant |
||
“e” court |
bref, |
||
“oi” long |
oyiez |
kee |
|
“o” médium |
bonne |
||
“o” long, |
beauté |
koo |
|
“ng” nasal mais sans “g” |
sang |
kan° |
|
“ahh” brusque, soufflé avec
force |
la hache |
kahh |
|
“n” nasal feint |
“Non, ton
son est bon” |
ka^ |
Les Consonnes
Notez que
les sons dont la romanisation contient “-h” doivent être soufflés. Alors, “kha” est comme “ka” mais soufflé. (Il n’y a rien de similaire en français.)
PRONONCIATION DES CONSONNES |
|||
CLASSE |
CARACTÈRES |
SON |
COMME DANS LE MOT FRANÇAIS |
Gutturale |
k |
kilomètre, |
|
kh |
chaque hôtel |
||
g |
vague |
||
gh |
bague humble |
||
n¹ |
encre |
||
Palatale |
c |
match |
|
ch |
match honnête |
||
j |
glissade joyeuse, |
||
jh |
message horrible |
||
n² |
injuste |
||
Cérébrale ou Rétroflexif |
t / t³ |
alternatif |
|
th / t³h |
basalte hôtel |
||
d / d³ |
solde |
||
r / r³ (roulé) |
terrain |
||
dh / d³h |
solde hivernale |
||
rh / r³h (roulé) |
myrrhe liquide |
||
n ou n³ |
praline locale |
||
Dentale |
t |
atmosphère |
|
th |
est honnête |
||
d |
drap |
||
dh |
ballade heureuse |
||
n |
prenant |
||
Labiale |
p |
paix |
|
ph |
cep humide |
||
b |
bénir, |
||
bh |
syllabe hypo-thètique |
||
m |
mère |
||
Avant |
y |
glissade joyeuse, |
|
y |
yeux |
||
r (roulé) |
rouge |
||
l |
louange |
||
Sibilantes |
sh |
shéol, sache |
|
s |
touche là |
||
s |
poche
rouge |
||
s avant t, th, p, ph |
stationner |
||
Semi-gutturale |
h |
la halle |
[Haut de page] [Liste des Matières]
ROMANIZED
SCRIPT SYSTEM
SYSTÈME
D’ÉCRITURE ROMANISÉE
The Romanized form
is a script system in which each Bengali letter is matched accurately and
uniquely by a character (or a group) taken from the Roman Latin alphabet.
Many of these sound nearly the same as the normal sound of the Bengali
character. However, some Bengali characters are sometimes pronounced
differently from normal. In these cases
we provide phonetic hints like “(~shaak’kå)”.
A further great
benefit of this Romanization method is its conformity of use in all the aids
that we provide that we provide for other Sanskrit-based languages. So
you can easily adapt to these scripts and languages. Some students have
learned the Bengali script with the help of the Romanized script in less than
two days.
It also conforms
with the Romanized
typing method available with Jaspell's free Jaldi Multilingual Word Processor
Software Package.
Selon le système romanisé chaque lettre de l’écrit du bengali s’accorde précisément avec un caractère (ou un groupe de caractères) pris de l’alphabet latin. Plusieurs caractères latins se prononcent à peu près comme les lettres du bengali. Cependant, on prononce certaines de ces lettres parfois d’une manière différente de la normale. Dans ces cas exceptionnels nous donnons des suggestions phonétiques, comme (~“shaak’kå”).
Une autre avantage de cette méthode de romanisation est sa possibilité d’être utilisable avec tous les auxiliaires que nous fournissons pour la famille des langues basées sur le sanskrit. Par conséquent on peut s’adapter très vite aux autres écritures et langues. En utilisant ce système certains étudiants ont pu apprendre l’écriture du bengali ou d’une autre écriture en moins de deux jours.
Le système est également compatible aussi avec le système de dactylo romanisé disponible avec le logiciel gratuit Jaldi Multilingual Word Processor fourni par Jaspell.
[Fichiers d’Audio]
[Prononciation]
[Haut de page] [Liste des Matières]
PHONETIC
REPRESENTATION
REPRÉSENTATION
PHONÉTIQUE
To begin with you
may feel that you would prefer to read the simplest representation of the
approximate sound of the Bengali. That
is fine, if we are only learning some set phrases off by heart. However, a language like Bengali is more
complicated because of its numerous, variable sounds and letters.
If you want to spell
correctly so as to write Bengali, you will need a more accurate system of
writing. It is necessary in order to
progress and to recognize or construct other sentences in different, unexpected
circumstances.
In essence, the
Bengali alphabet has far more sounds than the number of characters in the Roman
Latin alphabet. The language cannot be
written sufficiently accurately purely in a phonetic form, because more than
one Bengali letter can have the same sound.
You cannot tell consistently what letters are being represented. Some students might write the example of
“witness” approximately as “shako”.
However, there are three different letters that can be pronounced like
(~“sha”), and several letters or groups of letters that can be
pronounced like (~“ka” or ~“kka”). If the pronounciation differs greatly from
the normal way, we show more exact phonetic suggestions, such as (~“shaak’kå”).
Instead of
attempting to replace the Bengali script merely with an approximate phonetic
representation, we use a well-established alternative Romanized Script
accompanied by audio files. These will
help you learn the relationship between the sounds, the Bengali characters, and
their equivalent Romanized characters.
If you wish, you can
adapt better to the Romanization of the Bengali sounds by reading the letter
below from the author. Also, you can
click on Contact Us!.
Au commencement vous voudrez peut-être lire la représentation la plus simplifiée qui se rapproche du son du bengali. Cela peut suffire si l’on veut n’apprendre que quelques phrases simples par cœur. Mais une langue comme le bengali est plus compliquée à cause des sons et des lettres qui sont nombreux et variables.
Si l’on veut apprendre l’orthographe pour écrire le bengali, alors on aura besoin d’un système d’écriture beaucoup plus exact. C’est nécessaire pour faire des progrès et pour reconnaître ou construire des phrases en d’autres circonstances inattendues.
Par essence, l’alphabet du bengali a beaucoup plus de sons que l’alphabet latin. On ne peut pas écrire la langue seulement sous forme phonétique parce que parfois il y a plusieurs lettres en bengali qui se prononcent de la même manière. L’orthographe phonétique ne permet pas de savoir exactement quelles lettres du bengali elle représente.. Quelqu’un pourrait écrire l’exemple de “témoignage” sous la forme de “shako”. Malheureusement, il y a trois lettres différentes qui peuvent se prononcer comme (~“sha”), et plusieurs lettres ou groupes de lettres peuvent se prononcer comme (~“ka” ou ~“kka”). Si la prononciation diffère beaucoup de la normale, nous donnons des suggestions phonétiques plus exactes, comme (~“shaak’kå”).
Au lieu d’essayer de ne remplacer l’écrit bengali que par une représentation phonétique, nous utilisons une écriture alternative latinisée (“romanisée) standardisée accompagnée par des fichiers audio. Ils vous aideront à apprendre le rapport entre les sons, les lettres du bengali, et les caractères latins équivalents.
Si l’on veut, on peut mieux s’adapter à la romanisation des sons du bengali en lisant la lettre de l’auteur. On peut aussi cliquer sur [Contactez-Nous!].
[Lettre de l’auteur]
[Prononciation] [Liste de matières]
LETTRE DE L’AUTEUR
Cher étudiant en Bengali, Vous pouvez être perplexe à cause de la méthode d’utilisation des caractères latins (la “romanisation”) pour représenter les sons du bengali. Le nombre des caractères latins est très inférieur au nombre des lettres de l’alphabet bengali. Donc il y a quelques lettres en bengali que l’on représente par une combinaison de caractères latins. Les langues européennes prononcent quelques-uns des caractères latins de plusieurs façons différentes. Notre écriture romanisée peut les utiliser encore d’une autre façon. Observez qu’en français on peut écrire le son de “verre” comme “ver”, “vers”, “vert”, “verts”, ou “vair”. Mais “v” se prononce d’une autre façon en allemand. En anglais une lettre peut se prononcer de plusieurs façons. En italien “c” se prononce dans “ca” d’une façon différente de “ce”. Quand on étudie le chinois mandarin en utilisant l’écrit pinyin romanisé on s’aperçoit que “c” se prononce comme “ts”. Amusez-vous à lire du zulu écrit, où “c” se prononce par un click sur le palais! Donc, nous essayons de nous adapter aux nouvelles façons de prononcer ces caractères latins. En tout cas, ces mystères ne devraient pas vous entraver longtemps, si
vous utilisez les fichiers audio et les autres aides à la prononciation que
nous avons fournies. En utilisant ces
méthodes, certains ont appris l’écriture bengalie en deux jours. La même représentation de la Classification des Sons s’applique également pour de
nombreuses langues du nord de l’Inde et du Népal. Bien amicalement, L’Auteur |
[Prononciation] [Haut de page] [Liste de matières]
LA STRUCTURE DES PHRASES RENDUE FACILE
This is the key to constructing simple sentences.
Voici l’essence de la
construction des phrases simples.
(A) Picture someone
or something
(B) Decide what action is being done (placed last in Bengali)
(C) Add an ‘object’, if someone or something is affected by the action
(D) Describe the doer
(E) Describe the object
(F) Describe the action
(G) You can use your sentence as a clause, and connect it to another one.
(A) Imaginer une personne ou quelque chose
(B) Décider quelle est l’action qui se passe
(mise en dernière place en bengali)
(C) Ajouter un “complément d’objet”, si l’action
affecte une personne ou quelque chose
(D) Décrire le faiseur ou acteur
(E) Décrire le complément d’objet
(F) Décrire l’action
(G) Vous pouvez utiliser votre phrase comme une
proposition et connectez-la à une autre.
For example, you can
build up a sentence to say some or all of the following information.
Par exemple, on peut construire une phrase pour exprimer tout ou partie
de l’information ci-après.
“This little message joyfully tells
everyone good news to us all, and …”
“Ce petit message dit joyeusement à nous tous la bonne nouvelle, et…”
A |
(This) |
||||||
B |
message |
tells |
|||||
C |
message |
news |
tells |
||||
D |
This |
message |
news |
tells |
|||
E |
This |
message |
good |
news |
tells |
||
F |
This |
message |
good |
news |
joyfully |
tells |
|
G |
This |
message |
good |
news |
joyfully |
tells |
and ... |
A |
(Ce) message |
||||||
B |
(Ce) message |
dit |
|||||
C |
(Ce) message |
(la) nouvelle |
dit |
||||
D |
Ce petit |
message |
(la) nouvelle |
dit |
|||
E |
Ce petit |
message |
la bonne |
nouvelle |
dit |
||
F |
Ce petit |
message |
la bonne |
nouvelle |
joyeusement |
dit |
|
G |
Ce petit |
message |
la bonne |
nouvelle |
joyeusement |
dit, |
et |
Quality |
DOER |
Quality |
OBJECT |
Manner |
ACTION |
LINK |
A: Someone or something |
||||||
|
(The)
message |
|
|
|
|
|
|
san°baad |
|
|
|
|
|
B: + action |
||||||
|
(The)
message |
|
|
|
tells. |
|
|
san°baad |
|
|
|
bale. |
|
C: + add an object |
||||||
|
(The)
message |
|
news |
|
tells. |
|
san°baad |
|
khabar |
bale. |
|
||
D: + describe the doer |
||||||
This little |
message |
|
news |
|
tells. |
|
ei chota |
san°baad |
|
khabar |
|
bale. |
|
E: + describe the object |
||||||
This little |
message |
good |
news |
|
tells. |
|
ei chota |
san°baad |
bhaalo |
khabar |
bale. |
|
|
F: + describe the action |
||||||
This little |
message |
good |
news |
joyfully |
tells. |
|
ei chota |
san°baad |
bhaalo |
khabar |
aanande |
bale. |
|
G: + link this clause to another clause |
||||||
This little |
message |
good |
news |
joyfully |
tells, |
and |
ei chota |
san°baad |
bhaalo |
khabar |
aanande |
bale, |
eban° |
Qualité |
FAISEUR |
Qualité |
OBJET* |
Manière |
ACTION |
Lien |
|
||||||
A: Une personne ou quelque chose |
||||||
|
(Ce) message |
|
|
|
|
|
|
san°baad |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
B: + action |
||||||
|
(Ce) message |
|
|
|
dit |
|
|
san°baad |
|
|
|
bale. |
|
|
||||||
C: + ajouter un objet |
||||||
|
(Ce) message |
|
(la) nouvelle |
|
dit |
|
san°baad |
|
khabar |
bale. |
|
||
|
||||||
D: + Décrire le faiseur ou acteur |
||||||
Ce petit |
message |
|
(la) nouvelle |
|
dit |
|
ei chota |
san°baad |
|
khabar |
|
bale. |
|
|
||||||
E: + Décrire l’objet |
||||||
Ce petit |
message |
la bonne |
nouvelle |
|
dit |
|
ei chota |
san°baad |
bhaalo |
khabar |
bale. |
|
|
|
||||||
F: + Décrire l’action |
||||||
Ce petit |
message |
la bonne |
nouvelle |
joyeusement |
dit |
|
ei chota |
san°baad |
bhaalo |
khabar |
aanande |
bale. |
|
|
||||||
G: + Connecter cette proposition à une autre |
||||||
Ce petit |
message |
la bonne |
nouvelle |
joyeusement |
dit, |
et |
ei chota |
san°baad |
bhaalo |
khabar |
aanande |
bale, |
eban° |
* Objet ou complément d’objet
There can be a direct object and an indirect object. Sometimes the ‘object’ section of the
sentence has two parts, such as when someone gives someone (direct) something
(indirect). The ‘direct’ object usually
precedes the ‘indirect’ object.
Parfois “le complément d’objet”
de la phrase peut avoir deux parties: comme lorsqu’une personne donne quelque
chose à une autre personne. Normalement
le complément d’objet ‘directe’ précède le complément d’objet ‘indirecte’.
This little message joyfully tells good news to all.
Ce petit message dit la bonne
nouvelle à tous.
This
little |
message |
|
to all |
good |
news |
joyfully |
tells. |
ei chota |
san°baad |
|
sakal-ke |
bhaalo |
khabar |
aanande |
bale. |
This little message joyfully tells good news to us all.
Ce petit message dit joyeusement
la bonne nouvelle à nous tous.
This
little |
message |
us / our |
to all |
good |
news |
joyfully |
tells. |
ei chota |
san°baad |
aamaader |
sakal-ke |
bhaalo |
khabar |
aanande |
bale. |
A conditional sentence is made of two of these groups (‘clauses’). Start one with “yadi” (If ) and
the other with the link “tabe” (then).
Most Bengalis prefer to put “yadi” just after the doer.
Une expression conditionnelle a
deux groupes de mots (‘propositions’).
L’une commence avec “yadi” (Si ), et l’autre commence avec
le mot connectif “tabe” (alors).
La plupart des Bengalis préfèrent mettre “yadi” après le faiseur.
If the news is good, then the message is good.
Si la nouvelle est bonne, alors
le message est bon.
news |
if |
good |
[is] |
then |
message |
good |
[is] |
khabar |
yadi |
bhaalo |
[ ] |
tabe |
san°baad |
bhaalo |
[ ]. |
[Go to Top Haut de page] [Go to Contents Liste de Matières]
YOUR FIRST CONVERSATIONS
VOS PREMIÈRES CONVERSATIONS
Discover how to
build simple sentences using the building blocks provided.
Découvrez comment construire des phrases simples en utilisant les blocs
de construction fournis ci-dessous.
Example 1 EXEMPLE 1
You * |
Vous |
aapani (~“aapåni”) |
You are |
Vous êtes |
aapani aachen |
how? |
comment? |
keman? (~“kemån”) |
* See Voir General Notes Notes
Générales
How
are you?
Comment allez-vous? (Comment
êtes-vous?)
|
|
|
You |
|
how |
|
are? |
|
|
|
|
|
aapani |
|
keman |
|
aachen? |
|
|
aapani keman
aachen?
Example 2
Exemple 2
I |
je |
aami |
I
am |
je suis |
aami aachi |
fine,
O.K., well |
bien |
bhaalo |
Thanks |
merci |
dhanyabaad (~“dhån’nåbaad”) |
I’m
fine, thanks.
Je suis bien, merci. (Ça va, merci)
|
|
|
I |
|
fine |
|
am. |
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aami |
|
bhaalo |
|
aachi. |
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Thanks |
|
[to you] |
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[be] |
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|
dhanya-baad |
|
[ ] |
|
[ ] |
|
|
aami bhaalo
aachi, dhanyabaad.
Example 3 Exemple 3
[You] read! |
[Vous] lisez! |
[aapani] parun!
(~“pårdun”) |
message |
message |
san°baad (~“sångbaad”) |
this |
ce |
ei |
kindness |
bonté |
dayaa (~“dåyaa”) |
done |
fait(e) |
kare (~“kåre”) |
please,
kindly |
s’il vous plaît |
dayaa kare |
Read
this message, please!
Lisez ce message, s’il vous plaît!
|
|
|
[You] |
this |
message |
kindly |
read. |
|
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[aapani] |
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parun! |
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|
[aapani] |
|
san°baad |
|
parun! |
|
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|
[aapani] |
ei |
san°baad |
|
parun! |
|
|
|
|
|
[aapani] |
ei |
san°baad |
dayaa kare |
parun! |
|
|
ei san°baad dayaa kare parun!
Example 4 Exemple 4
it
[that] |
ce, cela |
taa |
it
is |
c’est |
taa aache |
what? |
que, quoi |
kii? |
What
is it?
Qu’est-ce que c’est? (Quoi est-ce?)
|
|
|
It |
|
what |
|
[is]? |
|
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|
taa |
|
kii |
|
[aache]? |
|
|
taa kii aache?
Example 5
Exemple 5
-’s,
of |
de |
-’r, -er |
my |
mon (de moi) |
aamaar |
name |
nom |
naam |
I
say / tell |
je dis |
aami bali (~“båli”) |
I
say my name. (Or, ‘Let me say my name.’)
Je dis mon nom. (Ou, ‘Que je dis mon
nom.’)
|
|
|
I |
my |
name |
|
say. |
|
|
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|
|
aami |
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|
|
bali |
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aami |
|
naam |
|
bali |
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aami |
aamaar |
naam |
|
bali |
|
|
aami aamaar
naam bali.
Example 6
Exemple 6
he |
il |
se |
he
says / tells |
il dit |
se bale |
not,
“No” |
ne…pas, Non |
naa |
his |
son, sa |
taar |
his
own |
son propre |
taar nij |
He
does not say his own message.
Il ne dit pas son propre message.
|
|
|
He |
his (own) |
message |
|
says not. |
|
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|
se |
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|
bale |
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se |
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bale naa. |
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se |
|
san°baad |
|
bale naa. |
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se |
taar |
san°baad |
|
bale naa. |
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se |
taar (nij) |
san°baad |
|
bale naa. |
|
|
se taar nij san°baad bale naa.
Example 7
Exemple 7
you give |
Vous donnez |
aapani den |
your |
votre(s) |
aapanaar |
invitation |
invitation |
nimantran |
little |
petit(e) |
chota, chotta
(~“chhotå”) |
“Yes” |
“Oui” |
haa^ (~“haang”), |
Yes,
you give your little invitation.
Oui, [vous] donnez-nous
votre petite invitation
Yes, |
|
|
you |
your little |
invitation |
|
give |
|
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|
|
aapani |
|
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|
den |
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aapani |
|
nimantran |
|
den |
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|
aapani |
aapanaar |
nimantran |
|
den |
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|
aapani |
aapanaar chota |
nimantran |
|
den |
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|
haa^ |
|
|
aapani |
aapanaar chota |
nimantran |
|
den |
|
|
haa^, aapani
aapanaar chota nimantran den.
Example 8
Exemple 8
He |
il |
tini |
He says / tells |
il dit |
tini balen |
his |
son, sa |
taa^r |
He says his own name.
Il dit
son propre nom.
|
|
|
He |
his own |
name |
|
says. |
|
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tini |
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|
balen. |
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|
tini |
|
naam |
|
balen. |
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tini |
taa^r |
naam |
|
balen. |
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tini |
taa^r nij |
naam |
|
balen. |
|
|
tini taa^r nij
naam balen.
Example 9
Exemple 9
we |
nous |
aamaraa |
we
say / we tell |
nous disons |
aamaraa bali |
faith |
foi |
bishvaas (~“bish’shaash”) |
-s’,
of |
de |
-der |
our |
notre(s) (de nous) |
aamaader |
and
… |
et |
eban° … (~“ebång”), aar |
We
say our faith, and …
Nous disons notre foi, et…
|
|
|
We |
our |
faith |
|
say, |
and … |
|
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|
aamaraa |
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|
bali |
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aamaraa |
|
bishvaas |
|
bali |
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|
aamaraa |
aamaa-der |
bishvaas |
|
bali |
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|
|
aamaraa |
aamaa-der |
bishvaas |
|
bali |
eban° … |
|
aamaraa
aamaader bishvaas bali, eban°…
Example 10
Exemple 10
they |
ils, elles |
taaraa |
they
take |
ils prennent |
taaraa ney |
they take |
ils prennent |
taa^raa nen |
their |
leur(s) |
taader |
They
take their invitation.
Ils prennent leur invitation.
|
… |
|
They |
their |
invitation |
|
take. |
|
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taaraa |
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|
ney. |
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taaraa |
|
nimantran |
|
ney. |
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taaraa |
taader |
nimantran |
|
ney. |
|
|
taaraa taader
nimantran ney.
Example 11
Exemple 11
YOU |
VOUS |
aapanaaraa |
YOU say / tell / speak |
VOUS dites |
aapanaaraa balen (~“bålen”) |
news |
nouvelle |
khabar |
very |
très |
khub |
YOU speak very good news.
VOUS
dites une très bonne nouvelle
|
|
|
YOU |
very good |
news |
|
say. |
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|
aapanaaraa |
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|
balen. |
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aapanaaraa |
|
khabar |
|
balen. |
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aapanaaraa |
bhaalo |
khabar |
|
balen. |
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|
aapanaaraa |
khub bhaalo |
khabar |
|
balen. |
|
|
aapanaaraa
khub bhaalo khabar balen.
Example 12
Exemple 12
man |
homme |
maanus |
(the)
man does |
(l’)homme fait |
maanus kare |
work |
travail, (l’)œuvre |
kaaj |
he
works / he does work |
il travaille, |
se kaaj kare |
[The]
man does good work
(L’)homme fait du bon travail.
|
|
|
(The) man |
good |
work |
|
does, |
… |
|
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|
maanus |
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|
kare |
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|
maanus |
|
kaaj |
|
kare |
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|
maanus |
bhaalo |
kaaj |
|
kare |
|
|
maanus
bhaalo kaaj kare
Example 13
Exemple 13
if |
si |
yadi (~“jådi”) |
only |
seulement |
maatra (~“maatrå”) |
then |
alors |
tabe (~“tåbe”) |
If
a good man only does good work, then …
Si un bon homme seulement fait bon œuvre,
alors …
|
If |
[a] good |
man |
good |
work |
only |
does, |
tabe |
… |
|
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|
maanus |
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|
kare |
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|
maanus |
|
kaaj |
|
kare |
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|
bhaalo |
maanus |
|
kaaj |
|
kare |
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|
bhaalo |
maanus |
bhaalo |
kaaj |
maatra |
kare |
|
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|
bhaalo |
maanus |
bhaalo |
kaaj |
maatra |
kare |
|
|
|
yadi |
bhaalo |
maanus |
bhaalo |
kaaj |
maatra |
kare, |
… |
|
|
yadi |
bhaalo |
maanus |
bhaalo |
kaaj |
maatra |
kare, |
tabe |
… |
yadi bhaalo maanus maatra bhaalo kaaj
kare, tabe …
Example 14
Exemple 14
who? |
qui? |
ke? |
bad |
mauvais |
khaaraap |
now |
maintenant |
ekhan (~“ekhån”) |
…
then who does this bad work now?
…alors qui fait ce mauvais œuvre maintenant?
|
… then |
|
who |
this bad |
work |
now |
does? |
|
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|
ke |
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|
kare? |
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|
ke |
|
kaaj |
|
kare? |
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ke |
ei |
kaaj |
|
kare? |
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ke |
ei khaaraap |
kaaj |
|
kare? |
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|
ke |
ei khaaraap |
kaaj |
ekhan |
kare? |
|
|
|
… tabe |
|
ke |
ei khaaraap |
kaaj |
ekhan |
kare? |
|
|
… tabe ke ei
khaaraap kaaj ekhan kare?
Example 15
Exemple 15
whether, is it so? |
que, est-ce que |
ki? |
you know |
vous savez, connaissez |
aapani jaanen |
question |
question |
prashna (~“pråshnå”) |
of the question, question’s |
de la question |
prashner |
answer |
réponse, solution |
uttar (~“uttår”) |
answer to the question |
réponse à [ou, de] la question |
prashner uttar |
Do
you know the answer (of the question)?
Connaissez-vous la réponse à [ou, de] la
question?
|
|
|
You |
(question’s) |
answer |
whether |
know |
|
|
|
|
|
aapani |
|
|
|
jaanen |
|
|
|
|
|
aapani |
|
uttar |
|
jaanen |
|
|
|
|
|
aapani |
prashner |
uttar |
|
jaanen? |
|
|
|
|
|
aapani |
prashner |
uttar |
ki |
jaanen? |
|
|
aapani ki
prashner uttar jaanen?
Example 16
Exemple 16
explanation |
explication |
byaakhyaa (~“bek’kaa”) |
to
explain |
expliquer |
byaakhyaa karaa |
doing |
faire, faisant |
kar-te (~“kår-te”) |
to
be able, can |
pouvoir |
paaraa |
we
can do |
nous pouvons faire |
aamaraa kar-te paari |
We
can explain
Nous pouvons expliquer (nous pouvons
faire explication)
|
|
|
We |
|
|
explanation |
making | can |
|
|
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|
|
aamaraa |
|
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|
paari |
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|
aamaraa |
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|
kar-te | paari |
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|
aamaraa |
|
|
byaakhyaa |
kar-te | paari |
|
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|
aamaraa |
|
|
byaakhyaa |
kar-te | paari |
|
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|
aamaraa |
|
|
byaakhyaa |
kar-te | paari |
|
|
aamaraa
byaakhyaa kar-te paari.
Example 17
Exemple 17
to
… |
à |
…-ke |
to
you |
à vous |
aapanaake |
(the)
truth |
(la) vérité, vrai(e) |
satya (~“shåt’tå”) |
We
can explain it to you.
Nous pouvons vous l’expliquer
|
|
|
We |
|
to you |
|
it |
explanation |
making | can |
|
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|
|
aamaraa |
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|
paari |
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|
aamaraa |
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kar-te | paari |
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|
aamaraa |
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|
byaakhyaa |
kar-te | paari |
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|
aamaraa |
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|
taa |
byaakhyaa |
kar-te | paari |
|
|
|
|
|
aamaraa |
|
aapanaake |
|
taa |
byaakhyaa |
kar-te | paari |
|
|
aamaraa
aapanaake taa byaakhyaa kar-te paari.
Moving Forward
Faire des Progrès
You can extend these conversations. Choose additional words from the vocabularies
and use the grammar explanations in the following Basic Language Syllabus.
Vous pouvez étendre ces
conversations. Choisissez des mots
supplémentaires dans les vocabulaires et utilisez les explications grammatiques
dans l’Étude de la Grammaire Élémentaire ci-après.
[Go to Start of First Conversations Début de
Vos Premières Conversations]
[Go to Top
Haut de page] [Go to Contents
Liste de Matières]
INTRODUCTION TO THE BASIC GRAMMAR SYLLABUS
INTRODUCTION AU PROGRAMME D’ÉTUDE ÉLÉMENTAIRE DE LA GRAMMAIRE
This basic course
will cover the main features of the Bengali language. If you understand
sentence structure you should be able to achieve quickly a system of
communication that is simplified but adaptable and effective. A fully detailed
course can be studied later in harmony with these basic but sound beginnings.
Ce cours élémentaire rendra compte des aspects les plus importants de la
langue bengalie. Si vous comprenez la
structure des phrases, alors vous pourrez obtenir vite un système de
communication simple mais adaptable et efficace. On peut étudier plus tard le cours d’étude
grammatique plus profonde, et cela sera en harmonie avec ces rudiments solides.
This basic language
syllabus examines each of the 10 elements of sentences described in “Sentence
Structure Made Easy”. They are
presented in the logical order in which you add them to build up sentences.
Le programme d’étude de la grammaire rudimentaire examine chacun des
10 éléments décrits dans “La Structure des Phrases Rendue Facile”. Ils se présentent dans l’ordre logique selon
lequel on les insérera pour étendre les phrases.
SYLLABUS PROGRAMME
D’ÉTUDE |
||
Grammar Section ÉLÉMENT DE GRAMMAIRE |
Exercise EXERCICE |
Grammar Subject SUJET GRAMMATIQUE |
Doers
(nouns and pronouns) Faiseurs
(les noms et les pronoms) |
||
Process
done (verb)—a simple past, present and future tense L’action
(verbe) —aux temps passé, présent et futur simples |
||
Object
forms of nouns and pronouns according to ‘case’ Formes
de complément d'objet des noms et des pronoms selon le ‘cas’ de leur contexte |
||
Quality describing doers and objects (adjectives, possessive
pronouns, etc.) Qualité décrivant les faiseurs et les compléments d’objet
(adjectifs, pronoms possessifs, etc..) |
||
Manner
describing the action (adverbs) Manière
qui décrit l’action (adverbes) |
||
Connectives
linking to another clause Connecteurs
qui relient une proposition avec une autre (conjonctions de coordination) |
||
Conditional
sentences Les
phrases conditionnelles |
||
Interrogatives,
correlatives and relatives Les
mots interrogatifs, corrélatifs et relatifs |
||
Other
forms of expression common or without equivalent Autres
formes d’expression courantes ou sans équivalent |
||
Exercise 10
Exercice 10 |
Add
other features Ajouter
plus de fonctionnalités |
[Go to Top
Haut de page] [Go to Contents
Liste de Matières]
GRAMMAR 1. DOERS (NOUNS AND PRONOUNS) GRAMMAIRE 1. FAISEURS (LES NOMS ET LES PRONOMS) |
1.1 Introduction to Nouns and
Pronouns
Introduction aux
Noms et Pronoms
1.2 Omission of the verb “to be” if “Aaaa is Bbbb”
Omission du Verbe
“être”, si “Aaaa” est “Bbbb”
1.3 Personal Pronouns
Pronoms
Personnels
1.4 Vocabulary – Nouns and Pronouns
by Category
Vocabulaire –
Les Noms et Les Pronoms Par Catégories
1.4.1 Vocabulary – Persons
Vocabulaire –
Les Personnes
– 1.4.1.1 Family Famille;
– 1.4.1.2 Non-Family Non-famille
1.4.2 Vocabulary – Questions and Answers
Vocabulaire –
Les Questions et Réponses
– 1.4.2.1 Arrangements Arrangements;
– 1.4.2.2 Topics Sujets
1.4.3 Vocabulary – Animals
Vocabulaire –
Les Animaux
1.4.4 Vocabulary – Things
Vocabulaire –
Les Choses
1.4.5 Vocabulary – Concepts
Vocabulaire –
Les Concepts
1.4.6 Vocabulary – States
Vocabulaire –
Les États
1.4.7 Vocabulary – Activities
Vocabulaire –
Les Activités
1.4.8 Vocabulary – Time
Vocabulaire –
Le Temps
1.5 Nouns and Pronouns: Full List – English to Bengali
Les Noms et
Les Pronoms: Liste Entière – Français/Bengali
1.6 Nouns and Pronouns: Full List – Bengali to English
Les Noms et Les
Pronoms: Liste Entière – Bengali/Français
[Go to Grammar 1 Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
[Go to Top
Haut de page] [Go to Contents
Liste de Matières]
GRAMMAR 1.1: Introduction
to Nouns and Pronouns
GRAMMAIRE 1.1:
Introduction aux Noms et Pronoms
The person or thing
that is doing something is represented by a noun or a pronouns. A noun names the doer. A pronoun is a short word that can be used in
place of the noun.
La personne ou la chose qui fait quelque chose se représente par un nom
ou un pronom. Un nom nomme le faiseur. Un pronom est un mot court que l’on peut
placer au lieu du nom.
A few nouns are
listed below. You can learn more from the attached vocabularies or lists of
frequently used words, and dictionaries. Pronouns are also listed here.
La liste au-dessous contient quelques noms. Vous pouvez apprendre plus de noms en
utilisant les vocabulaires attachés ou les listes de mots fréquemment utilisés,
et les dictionnaires. Des pronoms sont
inclus aussi dans la liste.
The listed form is
for the doer (subject, nominative case) in the clause.
La forme fournie dans la liste représente le faiseur dans la proposition
– (le sujet au cas nominatif).
e.g. He said to me that I should
tell him.
e.g. Il m’a dit que je devrais lui dire
The form of the nouns
and pronouns listed here may be modified in various ways, if they occur as the
object. See the later consideration of
“Forms of Nouns and Pronouns As Objects According to ‘Case’”. [ Grammar Section 3 ]
La forme des noms et des pronoms dans cette liste peut être
modifiée de varieuses façons, s’ils sont le complément d’objet dans la
proposition. Voir plus tard l’étude de “Formes
des Noms et des Pronoms comme Compléments d’Objet selon leur ‘Cas’” [ Grammaire 3 ]
e.g. He said to me that I
should tell him.
e.g. Il m’a dit que je devrais lui dire
[Go to Grammar 1 Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
[Go to Top
Haut de page] [Go to Contents
Liste de Matières]
GRAMMAR 1.2: Omission of
the verb “to be” if “Aaaa is Bbbb”
GRAMMAIRE 1.2:
Omission du Verbe “être”, si “Aaaa” est “Bbbb”
If the sentence
expresses “Aaaa” is “Bbbb”, both “Aaaa” and “Bbbb” are in the unmodified
subject form. The doing word (verb) ‘to be’ can be omitted. Even if “Aaaa” is
plural, “Bbbb” can be singular.
Si la phrase exprime que “Aaaa” est “Bbbb”, alors “Aaaa” et “Bbbb” sont
tous les deux dans la forme inchangée de la forme du sujet au nominatif. Le mot actif (verbe) ‘être’ peut être
omis. Si “Aaaa” est au pluriel,
néanmoins “Bbbb” peut être au singulier.
Examples:-
Exemples:-
Today [ is ] Sunday.. |
aujourd’hui [c’est] dimanche. |
aaj-ke
[ ] rabi-baar. |
We [ are ] parents.. |
Nous [sommes] parents. |
aamaraa
[ ] pitaamaataa. |
God [ is ] love.. |
Dieu [est] amour. |
iishvar
[ ] prem. |
They [ are ] friends. |
Ils [sont] amis. |
taaraa
[ ] bandhu. |
Practice
Pratique
Translate:-
Traduire:-
We [ are ] friends. |
|
aamaraa [ ] bandhu. |
aaj-ke [ ] rabi-baar. |
|
Today [ is ] Sunday. |
They [ are ] parents. |
|
taaraa [ ]
pitaamaataa. |
aamaraa [ ] pitaamaataa. |
|
We [ are ] parents. |
God [ is ] love. |
|
iishvar [ ] prem. |
taaraa [ ] bandhu. |
|
They [ are ] friends. |
[Go to Grammar 1 Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
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GRAMMAR 1.3: Personal Pronouns
GRAMMAIRE 1.3:
Pronoms Personnels
Singular |
|
Plural |
|||||
Common |
I |
aami |
|
we |
aamaraa |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
you |
tumi |
|
YOU |
tomaraa |
|||
he, |
se |
|
they |
taaraa |
|||
it |
taa |
|
they |
taaraa |
|||
|
|||||||
Honorific |
you |
aapani |
|
YOU |
aapanaaraa |
||
he, |
tini |
|
they |
taa^raa |
The above are the
short colloquial (‘Chalito’) forms. The classical (‘Sadhu’) forms are
longer, as follows-:
Ces mots au-dessus sont les formes courtes, courantes (“Chalito”). Les formes classiques (“Sadhu”) sont plus
longues, comme ci-après:
Short / Chalito Form |
|
(Long / Sadhu Form) |
taa |
(taahaa) |
|
taa^ |
(taa^haa) |
|
taaraa |
(taahaaraa) |
|
taa^raa |
(taa^haaraa) |
Practice
Pratique
Translate:-
Traduire:-
You [ are a] friend. |
|
aapani [ ] bandhu. |
taa [ ] rabi-baar. |
|
it* [ is ] Sunday. |
They [ are ] parents. |
|
taa^raa [ ]
pitaamaataa. |
aapanaaraa [ ] pitaamaataa. |
|
YOU [ are ] parents. |
He [ is ] love. |
|
tini [ ] prem. |
aami [ ] bandhu. |
|
I [am a] friend. |
* Or “that” ou “il” ou “cela”
Do Exercises
Faire Exercices 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
[Go to Grammar 1 Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
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GRAMMAR 1.4: Vocabulary – Nouns and Pronouns by Category
GRAMMAIRE 1.4:
Vocabulaire – Les Noms et Les Pronoms Selon Leur Catégories
These are some
useful words to learn — nouns and pronouns.
These can be used for ‘Doers’ and for ‘Objects’
Voici des mots utiles à apprendre – des noms et des pronoms. On peut les utiliser pour les ‘Faiseurs’ et
les ‘Compléments d’Objet’.
Some of the words
shown below are used in this short course.
The others can be used as you widen your conversations.
Dans ce petit cours on utilise quelques-uns des mots ci-dessous. Vous pouvez utiliser les autres mots en
étendrant vos conversations.
You will find a
series of small vocabularies by category (Grammar 1.4.1 – Grammar 1.4.8)
followed by two combined versions. One
is from English into Bengali (Grammar 1.5) and one from Bengali
into English (Grammar 1.6).
Vous trouverez une série de petits vocabulaires par catégorie (Grammaire 1.4.1
– Grammaire 1.4.8) et puis deux versions combinées. L’une est français/bengali (Grammaire 1.5)
et l’autre est bengali/français (Grammaire 1.6).
Grammar 1.4.1: Vocabulary – Persons
Grammaire 1.4.1:
Vocabulaire – Les Personnes
Grammar 1.4.1.1: Persons in the Family
Grammaire 1.4.1.1: Personnes dans la Famille
Français – Bengali
boy, son |
enfant,
fils |
chele,
putra |
daughter, girl |
enfante,
fille |
meye |
children |
enfants |
chelemeye |
family |
famille |
paribaar |
wife, woman |
femme |
strii |
son, boy |
fils,
enfant |
chele,
putra |
brother |
frère |
bhaai |
brother and sister |
frère
et sœur |
bhaaibon |
Jehovah |
Jéhovah |
yihobaa (~“djihôbaa”) |
Jesus |
Jésus |
yiishu (~“djiichu”)
/ iisaa |
husband and wife |
mari
et femme |
swaam’strii |
husband |
mari,
époux |
swaamii
(~“chaamii”) |
mother |
mère |
maataa,
maa |
parents |
parents |
pitaamaataa |
father |
père |
pitaa,
baabaa |
who |
qui |
ye (~“djé”) |
WHO (plural) |
QUI |
yaaraa (~“djaaraa”) |
who? |
qui? |
ke? |
WHO? (plural) |
QUI? |
kaaraa? |
sister |
sœur |
bon |
Bengali – Français
brother |
frère |
bhaai |
brother and sister |
frère
et sœur |
bhaaibon |
sister |
sœur |
bon |
boy, son |
enfant,
fils |
chele,
putra |
son, boy |
fils,
enfant |
chele,
putra |
children |
enfants |
chelemeye |
WHO? (plural) |
QUI? |
kaaraa? |
who? |
qui? |
ke? |
mother |
mère |
maataa,
maa |
daughter, girl |
enfante,
fille |
meye |
family |
famille |
paribaar |
father |
père |
pitaa,
baabaa |
parents |
parents |
pitaamaataa |
wife, woman |
femme |
strii |
husband and wife |
mari
et femme |
swaam’strii |
husband |
mari,
époux |
swaamii
(~“chaamii”) |
WHO (plural) |
QUI |
yaaraa (~“djaaraa”) |
who |
qui |
ye (~“djé”) |
Jehovah |
Jéhovah |
yihobaa (~“djihôbaa”) |
Jesus |
Jésus |
yiishu (~“djiichu”)
/ iisaa |
Practice 1.4.1.1
Pratique 1.4.1.1
Translate:-
Traduire:-
WHO [are] the children? |
|
chelemeye kaaraa [ ]? |
yihobaa ke [ ]? |
|
Who is Jehovah? |
The brother [and] sister |
|
bhaaibon |
taaraa bandhu [ ]. |
|
They [are] friends. |
Jehovah [is] love. |
|
yihobaa prem [ ]. |
taa^raa paribaar [ ]. |
|
They [are] family. |
Who [are] you? |
|
aapani
ke [ ]? |
[Go to Grammar 1 Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
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Grammar 1.4.1.2: Persons – Not in the Family
Grammaire 1.4.1.2: Personnes – Pas dans la Famille
Français – Bengali
plural ending “-s” (persons) |
“-s”
terminaison plurielle (personnes) |
-eraa
/ -raa |
friend |
ami
(e) |
bandhu
(~“båndhu”) |
English person |
Anglais |
in°rej |
Bengali person |
Bengali |
baan¹gaalii |
leader |
chef |
netaa |
God’s |
de
Dieu |
iishvarer,
khodaar |
God (general Bengali) |
Dieu
(bengali général) |
iishvar
(~“iiche'chår”) |
God (from Urdu) |
Dieu
(de la langue urdu) |
khodaa |
-er |
-eur,
faiseur |
-kaarii |
-doer |
faiseur |
-kaarii |
woman, wife |
femme |
strii |
French person |
Français |
pharaasii
lok |
man |
homme |
maanus |
individual, person |
individu,
personne |
byakti
(~“bèkti”) / vyakti |
worker |
ouvrier,
faiseur de travail |
karma-kaarii |
person, people |
personne,
gens |
lok |
person, individual |
personne,
individu |
byakti
(~“bèkti”) / vyakti |
anyone, someone |
quelqu’un |
keha
/ keu |
someone, anyone |
quelqu’un |
keu
/ keha |
Satan |
Satan |
shayataan |
witness |
témoin |
saaksii
(~“sciàac’chii”) |
terroriser |
terroriste |
santraas-kaarii |
[Go to Grammar 1 Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
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Bengali – Français
Bengali person |
Bengali |
baan¹gaalii |
friend |
ami
(e) |
bandhu
(~“båndhu”) |
individual, person |
individu,
personne |
byakti
(~“bèkti”) / vyakti |
person, individual |
personne,
individu |
byakti
(~“bèkti”) / vyakti |
plural ending “-s” (persons) |
“-s”
terminaison plurielle (personnes) |
-eraa
/ -raa |
God (general Bengali) |
Dieu
(bengali général) |
iishvar
(~“iiche'chår”) |
God’s |
de
Dieu |
iishvarer,
khodaar |
English person |
Anglais |
in°rej |
-doer |
faiseur |
-kaarii |
-er |
-eur,
faiseur |
-kaarii |
worker |
ouvrier,
faiseur de travail |
karma-kaarii |
anyone, someone |
quelqu’un |
keha
/ keu |
someone, anyone |
quelqu’un |
keu
/ keha |
God (from Urdu) |
Dieu
(de la langue urdu) |
khodaa |
person, people |
personne,
gens |
lok |
man |
homme |
maanus |
leader |
chef |
netaa |
French person |
Français |
pharaasii
lok |
witness |
témoin |
saaksii
(~“sciàac’chii”) |
terroriser |
terroriste |
santraas-kaarii |
Satan |
Satan |
shayataan |
woman, wife |
femme |
strii |
Practice 1.4.1.2
Pratique 1.4.1.2
Translate:-
Traduire:-
Someone[is the] leader. |
|
keha neta [ ]. |
yiishu karma-kaarii
[ ]. |
|
Jesus [is a] worker. |
They [ are ] Bengalis. |
|
taaraa baan¹gaalii
[ ]. |
maanus in°rej [ ]. |
|
The man [is] an Englishman. |
He [is] one who loves. |
|
tini prem-kaarii [ ]. |
shayataan santraas-kaarii
[ ]. |
|
Satan [is a] terroriser. |
iishvarer paribaar |
|
God’s family |
Jesus [is] God’s Son. |
|
yiishu iishvarer putra
[ ]. |
We [are] Jehovah’s Witnesses |
|
aamaraa yihobaar
saaksii [ ]. |
[Go to Grammar 1 Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
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Grammar 1.4.2: Vocabulary – Questions and Answers
Grammaire 1.4.2: Vocabulaire – Les Questions et Réponses
Grammar 1.4.2.1: Questions and Answers – Arrangements
Grammaire 1.4.2.1:
Les Questions et Réponses – Arrangements
Français – Bengali
what (one)? |
(qu’est-)
ce que? |
kii? |
Bible |
Bible,
les Saintes Écritures |
baaibel |
this (thing) |
ce
-ci |
e |
that (thing) |
ce
–là |
ee |
what |
ce
que |
yaa (~“djàà”) |
these (things) |
ceux
-ci |
e-gulo
/ e-guli |
those (things) |
ceux
–là |
ee-gulo
/ ee-guli |
chapter |
chapitre |
adhyaay
(~“åd-dhaay”) |
whether? is it so? |
est-ce
que? |
ki? |
study |
étude |
adhyayan
(~“åd-dhåyån”) |
book |
livre |
bai
(~“bauy”), kitaab |
message |
message |
san°baad
(~“chång-baad”) |
name |
nom |
naam |
return visit |
nouvelle visite |
punahha
saaksaat` |
saying; word |
parole |
kathaa
(~“kåthaa”), |
word spoken |
parole |
baakya
(~“baak'kå”), |
side of an issue |
parti |
paksa |
magazine |
périodique |
patrikaa |
proof, evidence |
preuve |
pramaan |
problem |
problème |
samasyaa |
what (ones?) |
quels |
kii
kii? |
question |
question |
prashna |
who |
qui |
ye (~“djé”) |
WHO (plural) |
QUI |
yaaraa |
who? |
qui? |
ke? |
WHO? (plural) |
QUI? |
kaaraa?
(~“kaaraa”) |
answer |
réponse,
solution |
uttar |
meeting |
réunion |
sabhaa
(~“chåbhaa”) |
verse (in a chapter) |
verset |
pad
(~“påd”) |
visit |
visite |
saaksaat`
(~“chaak'kaat”) |
[Go to Grammar 1 Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
[Go to Top
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Bengali – Français
chapter |
chapitre |
adhyaay
(~“åd-dhaay”) |
study |
étude |
adhyayan
(~“åd-dhåyån”) |
Bible |
Bible,
les Saintes Écritures |
baaibel |
word spoken |
parole |
baakya
(~“bàak'kå”), |
book |
livre |
bai
(~“bauy”), kitaab |
this (thing) |
ce
-ci |
e |
that (thing) |
ce
–là |
ee |
those (things) |
ceux
–là |
ee-gulo
/ ee-guli |
these (things) |
ceux
-ci |
e-gulo
/ e-guli |
WHO? (plural) |
QUI? |
kaaraa?
(~“kaaraa”) |
saying; word |
parole |
kathaa
(~“kåthaa”), |
who? |
qui? |
ke? |
whether? is it so? |
est-ce
que? |
ki? |
what (ones?) |
quels |
kii
kii? |
what (one)? |
(qu’est-)
ce que? |
kii? |
name |
nom |
naam |
verse (in a chapter) |
verset |
pad
(~“påd”) |
side of an issue |
parti |
paksa |
magazine |
périodique |
patrikaa |
proof, evidence |
preuve |
pramaan |
question |
question |
prashna |
return visit |
nouvelle visite |
punahha
saaksaat` |
visit |
visite |
saaksaat`
(~“chaak'kaat”) |
meeting |
réunion |
sabhaa
(~“chåbhaa”) |
problem |
problème |
samasyaa |
message |
message |
san°baad
(~“chång-baad”) |
answer |
réponse,
solution |
uttar |
what |
ce
que |
yaa (~“djaa”) |
WHO (plural) |
QUI |
yaaraa |
who |
qui |
ye (~“djé”) |
Pratique 1.4.2.1
Traduire:-
What [is] that saying? |
|
ee kathaa kii [ ]? |
padgulo kii [ ]? / pad kii kii? |
|
What [are] the verses? |
What [is] God’s word? |
|
iishvarer baakya kii
[ ]? |
kaaraa bandhu [ ]? |
|
WHO [are] friends? |
The study [is] today. |
|
adhyayan aaj-ke. |
WHO [are] God’s friends? |
|
kaaraa iishvarer bandhu [ ]? |
Those WHO [are] God’s witnesses! |
|
taaraa yaaraa
iishvarer saaksii! |
[Go to Grammar 1 Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
[Go to Top
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Grammar 1.4.2.2: Questions and Answers – Topics
Grammaire 1.4.2.2:
Les Questions et Réponses – Sujets
Français – Bengali
attitude |
attitude |
manobhaab |
purpose |
but |
uddeshya |
mind |
esprit |
man
(~“mån”) |
belief |
foi |
bishvaas
(~“biche'chaache”) |
manner, way |
manière,
façon |
bhaab |
world |
monde |
jagat`
(~“djågåt”), duniyaa |
thought |
pensée,
avis, esprit |
man
(~“mån”), mat |
evidence, proof |
preuve |
pramaan |
religion |
religion |
dharma
(~“dhårmå”) |
truth |
vérité |
satya
(~“chåt'tå”) |
will, desire |
volonté |
icchaa |
[Go to Grammar 1 Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
[Go to Top
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Liste de Matières]
Bengali – Français
manner, way |
manière,
façon |
bhaab |
belief |
foi |
bishvaas
(~“bich'chaache”) |
religion |
religion |
dharma
(~“dhårmå”) |
will, desire |
volonté |
icchaa |
world |
monde |
jagat`
(~“djågåt”), duniyaa |
mind |
esprit |
man
(~“mån”) |
thought |
pensée,
avis, esprit |
man
(~“mån”), mat |
attitude |
attitude |
manobhaab |
evidence, proof |
preuve |
pramaan |
truth |
vérité |
satya
(~“chåt'tå”) |
purpose |
but |
uddeshya |
Practice 1.4.2.2
Pratique 1.4.2.2
Translate:-
Traduire:-
What [is] the will of God? |
|
iishvarer icchaa kii
[ ]? |
bishvaas ki satya [ ]? |
|
[Is] faith the truth? |
[Go to Grammar 1 Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
[Go to Top
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Liste de Matières]
Grammar 1.4.3:
Vocabulary – Animals
Grammaire 1.4.3: Vocabulaire – Les Animaux
Français – Bengali
animal |
animal,
bête |
pashu |
dog |
chien |
kukur |
bird |
oiseau |
paakhi
/ paksi (~“påk'ki”) |
fish |
poisson |
maach |
dog |
chien |
kukur |
fish |
poisson |
maach |
bird |
oiseau |
paakhi
/ paksi (~“påk'ki”) |
animal |
animal,
bête |
pashu |
[Go to Grammar 1 Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
[Go to Top
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Grammar 1.4.4:
Vocabulary – Things
Grammaire 1.4.4: Vocabulaire – Les Choses
Français – Bengali
plural ending “-s” (non-persons) |
“-s”
terminaison plurielle (non-personnes) |
-gulo
/ -guli |
tree |
arbre |
gaach,
brriksa (~“brik'kå”) |
Bible |
Bible |
baaibel |
this (thing) |
ce
–ci |
e |
that (thing) |
ce
-là |
ee |
those (things) |
ces
–ci, ceux -ci |
ee-gulo
/ ee-guli |
these (things) |
ces
-cis |
e-gulo
/ e-guli |
flesh, meat |
chair,
viande |
maan°sa |
chapter |
chapitre |
adhyaay
(~“åd-dhaay”) |
article, thing |
chose |
jinis |
thing, article |
chose |
jinis |
creation |
création |
srristi |
water |
eau |
paani,
jal |
mind |
esprit |
man
(~“mån”) |
picture |
image |
chabi
(~“tchhåbie”) |
book |
livre |
bai
(~“bauy”), kitaab |
magazine |
magazine |
patrikaa |
house |
maison |
baarii,
ghar, grriha |
mother |
mère |
maataa,
maa |
message |
message |
san°baad
(~“chång-baad”) |
world |
monde |
jagat`
(~“djågåt”), duniyaa |
name |
nom |
naam |
food |
nourriture |
khaadya,
khaabaar |
what |
que |
yaa (~“djàa”) |
what (one)? |
que?
quel? |
kii? |
what (ones)? |
que?
quels? |
kii
kii? |
kingdom |
royaume |
raajya |
Kingdom Hall |
Salle
du Royaume |
kin°dam
hal |
Earth |
Terre |
prrithibii |
verse (in a chapter) |
verset |
pad
(~“påd”) |
[Go to Grammar 1 Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
[Go to Top
Haut de page] [Go to Contents
Liste de Matières]
Bengali – Français
chapter |
chapitre |
adhyaay
(~“åd-dhaay”) |
Bible |
Bible |
baaibel |
house |
maison |
baarii,
ghar, grriha |
book |
livre |
bai
(~“bauy”), kitaab |
picture |
image |
chabi
(~tchhåbie”) |
this (thing) |
ce
–ci |
e |
that (thing) |
ce
-là |
ee |
those (things) |
ces
–ci, ceux -ci |
ee-gulo
/ ee-guli |
these (things) |
ces
-cis |
e-gulo
/ e-guli |
tree |
arbre |
gaach,
brriksa (~“brik'kå”) |
plural ending “-s” (non-persons) |
“-s”
terminaison plurielle (non-personnes) |
-gulo
/ -guli |
world |
monde |
jagat`
(~“djågåt”), duniyaa |
article, thing |
chose |
jinis |
thing, article |
chose |
jinis |
food |
nourriture |
khaadya,
khaabaar |
what (ones)? |
que?
quels? |
kii
kii? |
what (one)? |
que?
quel? |
kii? |
Kingdom Hall |
Salle
du Royaume |
kin°dam
hal |
flesh, meat |
chair,
viande |
maan°sa |
mother |
mère |
maataa,
maa |
mind |
esprit |
man
(~“mån”) |
name |
nom |
naam |
water |
eau |
paani,
jal |
verse (in a chapter) |
verset |
pad
(~“påd”) |
magazine |
magazine |
patrikaa |
Earth |
Terre |
prrithibii |
kingdom |
royaume |
raajya |
message |
message |
san°baad
(~“chång-baad”) |
creation |
création |
srristi |
what |
que |
yaa (~“djàa”) |
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Grammar 1.4.5: Vocabulary – Concepts
Grammaire 1.4.5: Vocabulaire – Les Concepts
Français – Bengali
help |
aide |
saahaayya
(~“chaahaadj'jå”) |
love |
amour |
prem,
bhaalabaasaa |
English language |
anglais |
in°rejii |
attitude |
attitude |
manobhaab |
Bengali language |
bengali |
baan°laa |
benefit |
bienfait,
avantage |
laabh,
phaa'idaa |
happiness |
bonheur |
sukh,
aananda |
kindness |
bonté |
dayaa
(~“dåyàa”) |
purpose |
but,
objet |
uddeshya |
way (direction) |
chemin
(direction) |
dik`/
dig`, taraph |
circumstances, situation |
circonstances,
situation |
paristhiti |
condition, state |
condition,
état |
abasthaa
/ avasthaa |
knowledge |
connaissance |
jnaan
(~“gyaan”) |
desire, will |
désire,
volonté |
icchaa |
direction, way |
direction,
chemin |
dik`
/ dig`, taraph |
encouragement |
encouragement |
ut`saaha |
hope |
espoir |
aashaa |
mental spirit |
esprit |
man
(~“mån”) |
mind |
esprit |
man
(~“mån”) |
evidence, proof |
évidence,
preuve |
pramaan |
belief |
foi |
bishvaas
(~“bich'chaache”) |
faith |
foi |
bishvaas
(~“bich'chaache”) |
French language |
français |
pharaasii |
hatred |
haine |
ghrrinaa |
righteousness |
justice |
dhaarmikataa |
freedom |
liberté |
mukti |
manner, way |
manière,
façon |
bhaab |
way (manner) |
manière,
façon |
man
(~“mån”), bhaab |
lack, shortage |
manque |
abhaab
(~“åbhaab”) |
shortage, lack |
manque |
abhaab
(~“åbhaab”) |
wickedness |
méchanceté |
dustataa |
saying; word |
parole |
kathaa
(~“kåthaa”), |
word spoken |
parole |
baakya
(~“bàak'kå”), |
side of an issue |
parti |
paksa |
thought |
pensée |
man
(~“mån”), mat |
proof, evidence |
preuve |
pramaan |
problem |
problème |
samasyaa |
religion |
religion |
dharma
(~“dhårmå”) |
answer |
réponse,
solution |
uttar |
salvation |
salut |
paritraan |
rescue, survival |
sauvetage,
secours |
raksaa |
terrorism |
terrorisme |
santraas
(~“chåntraache”) |
truth |
vérité |
satya
(~“chåt'tå”) |
life |
vie |
jiiban |
will, desire |
volonté |
icchaa |
accurate knowledge |
vraie
connaissance |
tatva
jnaan |
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Bengali – Français
hope |
espoir |
aashaa |
condition, state |
condition,
état |
abasthaa
/ avasthaa |
lack, shortage |
manque |
abhaab
(~“åbhaab”) |
shortage, lack |
manque |
abhaab
(~“åbhaab”) |
word spoken |
parole |
baakya
(~“bàak'kå”), |
Bengali language |
bengali |
baan°laa |
manner, way |
manière,
façon |
bhaab |
belief |
foi |
bishvaas
(~“bich'chaache”) |
faith |
foi |
bishvaas
(~“bich'chaache”) |
kindness |
bonté |
dayaa
(~“dåyaa”) |
righteousness |
justice |
dhaarmikataa |
religion |
religion |
dharma
(~“dhårmå”) |
direction, way |
direction,
chemin |
dik`
/ dig`, taraph |
way (direction) |
chemin
(direction) |
dik`/
dig`, taraph |
wickedness |
méchanceté |
dustataa |
hatred |
haine |
ghrrinaa |
desire, will |
désire,
volonté |
icchaa |
will, desire |
volonté |
icchaa |
English language |
anglais |
in°rejii |
life |
vie |
jiiban |
knowledge |
connaissance |
jnaan
(~“gyaan”) |
saying; word |
parole |
kathaa
(~“kåthaa”), |
benefit |
bienfait,
avantage |
laabh,
phaa'idaa |
mental spirit |
esprit |
man
(~“mån”) |
mind |
esprit |
man
(~“mån”) |
way (manner) |
manière,
façon |
man
(~“mån”), bhaab |
thought |
pensée |
man
(~“mån”), mat |
attitude |
attitude |
manobhaab |
freedom |
liberté |
mukti |
side of an issue |
parti |
paksa |
circumstances, situation |
circonstances,
situation |
paristhiti |
salvation |
salut |
paritraan |
French language |
français |
pharaasii |
evidence, proof |
évidence,
preuve |
pramaan |
proof, evidence |
preuve |
pramaan |
love |
amour |
prem,
bhaalabaasaa |
rescue, survival |
sauvetage,
secours |
raksaa |
help |
aide |
saahaayya
(~“chaahaadj'jå”) |
problem |
problème |
samasyaa |
terrorism |
terrorisme |
santraas
(~“chåntraache”) |
truth |
vérité |
satya
(~“chåt'tå”) |
happiness |
bonheur |
sukh,
aananda |
accurate knowledge |
vraie
connaissance |
tatva
jnaan |
purpose |
but,
objet |
uddeshya |
encouragement |
encouragement |
ut`saaha |
answer |
réponse,
solution |
uttar |
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Grammar 1.4.6: Vocabulary – States
Grammaire 1.4.6: Vocabulaire – Les États
Français – Bengali
benefit |
bienfait,
avantage |
laabh,
phaa'idaa |
happiness |
bonheur |
sukh,
aananda |
kindness |
bonté |
dayaa
(~“dåyaa”) |
purpose |
but,
objet |
uddeshya |
circumstances, situation |
circonstance,
situation |
paristhiti |
condition, state |
condition,
état |
abasthaa
/ avasthaa |
last days |
derniers
jours |
shes
kaal |
destruction |
destruction |
dhvan°sa
(~“d'dhång-chå”) |
encouragement |
encouragement |
ut`saaha |
hope |
espoir |
aashaa |
state, condition |
état,
condition |
abasthaa
/ avasthaa |
war |
guerre |
yuddha (~“jud'dhå”) |
hatred |
haine |
ghrrinaa |
righteousness |
justice |
dhaarmikataa |
freedom |
liberté |
mukti |
manner, way |
manière,
façon |
bhaab |
lack, shortage |
manque |
abhaab
(~“åbhaab”) |
shortage, lack |
manque |
abhaab
(~“åbhaab”) |
wickedness |
méchanceté |
dustataa |
peace |
paix |
shaanti |
side of an issue |
parti |
paksa |
proof, evidence |
preuve |
pramaan |
problem |
problème |
samasyaa |
kingdom |
royaume |
raajya |
salvation |
salut |
paritraan |
rescue, survival |
sauvetage,
secours |
raksaa |
survival, rescue |
sauvetage,
secours |
raksaa |
situation, circumstances |
situation,
circonstances |
paristhiti |
disturbance |
tapage,
manque de paix |
ashaanti
(~“åchaanti”) |
terrorism |
terrorisme |
santraas
(~“chåntraache”) |
life |
vie |
jiiban |
violence |
violence |
dooraatmya
(~“douraat'tå”), |
Bengali – Français
hope |
espoir |
aashaa |
state, condition |
état,
condition |
abasthaa
/ avasthaa |
condition, state |
condition,
état |
abasthaa
/ avasthaa |
lack, shortage |
manque |
abhaab
(~“åbhaab”) |
shortage, lack |
manque |
abhaab
(~“åbhaab”) |
disturbance |
tapage,
manque de paix |
ashaanti
(~“åchaanti”) |
manner, way |
manière,
façon |
bhaab |
kindness |
bonté |
dayaa
(~“dåyaa”) |
righteousness |
justice |
dhaarmikataa |
destruction |
destruction |
dhvan°sa
(~“d'dhång-chå”) |
violence |
violence |
dooraatmya
(~“douraat'tå”), |
wickedness |
méchanceté |
dustataa |
hatred |
haine |
ghrrinaa |
life |
vie |
jiiban |
benefit |
bienfait,
avantage |
laabh,
phaa'idaa |
freedom |
liberté |
mukti |
side of an issue |
parti |
paksa |
circumstances, situation |
circonstance,
situation |
paristhiti |
situation, circumstances |
situation,
circonstances |
paristhiti |
salvation |
salut |
paritraan |
proof, evidence |
preuve |
pramaan |
kingdom |
royaume |
raajya |
rescue, survival |
sauvetage,
secours |
raksaa |
survival, rescue |
sauvetage,
secours |
raksaa |
problem |
problème |
samasyaa |
terrorism |
terrorisme |
santraas
(~“chåntraache”) |
peace |
paix |
shaanti |
last days |
derniers
jours |
shes
kaal |
happiness |
bonheur |
sukh,
aananda |
purpose |
but,
objet |
uddeshya |
encouragement |
encouragement |
ut`saaha |
war |
guerre |
yuddha (~“djud'dhå”) |
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Grammar 1.4.7: Vocabulary – Activities
Grammaire 1.4.7: Vocabulaire – Les Activités
Français – Bengali
help |
aide |
saahaayya
(~“chaahaadj'jå”) |
love |
amour |
prem,
bhaalabaasaa |
English language |
anglais |
in°rejii |
Bengali language |
bengali |
baan°laa |
kindness |
bonté |
dayaa
(~“dåyaa”) |
creation |
création |
srristi |
crime |
criminalité |
aparaadh
(~“åpåraadh”) |
desire, will |
désire,
volonté |
icchaa |
destruction |
destruction |
dhvan°sa
(~“d'dhång-chå”) |
encouragement |
encouragement |
ut`saaha |
hope |
espoir |
aashaa |
study |
étude |
adhyayan
(~“åd-dhåyån”) |
-er |
-eur,
faiseur |
-kaarii |
to do |
faire |
karaa
(~“kåraa”) |
to ... / verbal: e.g. to do--- |
faire |
---karaa
(~“kåraa”) |
doing |
faisant,
faire |
kar-te
(~“kår-té”) |
...ing / verbal: e.g. doing--- |
faisant,
faire |
---kar-te
(~“kår-té”) |
-doer |
faiseur |
-kaarii |
faith |
foi |
bishvaas
(~“bich'chaache”) |
French langauge |
français |
pharaasii |
war |
guerre |
yuddha (~“djud'dhå”) |
hatred |
haine |
ghrrinaa |
way (manner) |
manière,
façon |
man
(~“mån”), bhaab |
wickedness |
méchanceté |
dustataa |
return visit |
nouvelle visite |
punahha
saaksaat` |
work |
œuvre,
travail |
kaaj,
kaam, |
proof, evidence |
preuve |
pramaan |
question |
question |
prashna |
answer |
réponse,
solution |
uttar |
meeting |
réunion |
sabhaa
(~“chåbhaa”) |
kingdom |
royaume |
raajya |
rescue, survival |
sauvetage,
secours |
raksaa |
survival, rescue |
sauvetage,
secours |
raksaa |
witness (activity) |
témoignage |
saaksa
(~“chaak'kå”) |
terrorism |
terrorisme |
santraas
(~“chåntraache”) |
violence |
violence |
dooraatmya
(~“douraat'tå”), |
visit |
visite |
saaksaat`
(~“chaak'kaat”) |
to ... / verbal: e.g. to see--- |
voir |
---dekhaa |
will, desire |
volonté,
désire |
icchaa |
...ing / verbal: e.g. seeing--- |
voyant,
voir |
---dekh-te |
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Bengali – Français
hope |
espoir |
aashaa |
study |
étude |
adhyayan
(~“åd-dhåyån”) |
crime |
criminalité |
aparaadh
(~“åpåraadh”) |
Bengali language |
bengali |
baan°laa |
faith |
foi |
bishvaas
(~“bich'chaache”) |
kindness |
bonté |
dayaa
(~“dåyaa”) |
to ... / verbal: e.g. to see--- |
voir |
---dekhaa |
...ing / verbal: e.g. seeing--- |
voyant,
voir |
---dekh-te |
destruction |
destruction |
dhvan°sa
(~“d'dhång-chå”) |
violence |
violence |
dooraatmya
(~“douraat'tå”), |
wickedness |
méchanceté |
dustataa |
hatred |
haine |
ghrrinaa |
desire, will |
désire,
volonté |
icchaa |
will, desire |
volonté,
désire |
icchaa |
English language |
anglais |
in°rejii |
work |
œuvre,
travail |
kaaj,
kaam, |
-doer |
faiseur |
-kaarii |
-er |
-eur,
faiseur |
-kaarii |
to do |
faire |
karaa
(~“kåraa”) |
to ... / verbal: e.g. to do--- |
faire |
---karaa
(~“kåraa”) |
doing |
faisant,
faire |
kar-te
(~“kår-té”) |
...ing / verbal: e.g. doing--- |
faisant,
faire |
---kar-te
(~“kår-té”) |
way (manner) |
manière,
façon |
man
(~“mån”), bhaab |
French langauge |
français |
pharaasii |
proof, evidence |
preuve |
pramaan |
question |
question |
prashna |
love |
amour |
prem,
bhaalabaasaa |
return visit |
nouvelle visite |
punahha
saaksaat` |
kingdom |
royaume |
raajya |
rescue, survival |
sauvetage,
secours |
raksaa |
survival, rescue |
sauvetage,
secours |
raksaa |
help |
aide |
saahaayya
(~“chaahaadj'jå”) |
witness (activity) |
témoignage |
saaksa
(~“chaak'kå”) |
visit |
visite |
saaksaat`
(~“chaak'kaat”) |
meeting |
réunion |
sabhaa
(~“chåbhaa”) |
terrorism |
terrorisme |
santraas
(~“chåntraach”) |
creation |
création |
srristi |
encouragement |
encouragement |
ut`saaha |
answer |
réponse,
solution |
uttar |
war |
guerre |
yuddha (~“djud'dhå”) |
[Go to Grammar 1 Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
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Grammar 1.4.8: Vocabulary – Time
Grammaire 1.4.8: Vocabulaire – Le Temps
Français – Bengali
year ( the period) |
an |
bat`sar
(~“båt-sår”) |
year ( in a date) |
année |
saal
(~“chaal”) |
today |
aujourd’hui |
aaj-ke |
tomorrow |
demain |
aagaamii kaal |
last days |
derniers
jours |
shes
kaal |
time (period, era) |
époque |
kaal |
future |
futur,
avenir |
bhavisyat`
(~“bhåbich'chåt”) |
yesterday |
hier |
gata
kaal (~“gåtå kaal”) |
day |
jour |
din |
day: Monday |
jour
1: lundi |
som-baar |
day: Tuesday |
jour
2: mardi |
man¹gal-baar |
day: Wednesday |
jour
3: mercredi |
budh-baar |
day: Thursday |
jour
4: jeudi |
brrihaspatibaar |
day: Friday |
jour
5: vendredi |
shukrabaar |
day: Saturday |
jour
6: samedi |
shanibaar |
day: Sunday |
jour
7: dimanche |
rabi-baar
/ ravi-vaar |
week |
semaine |
saptaa
(~“chåptaa”) |
time (measure) |
temps |
samay
(~“chåmoi”) |
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Bengali – Français
tomorrow |
demain |
aagaamii kaal |
today |
aujourd’hui |
aaj-ke |
year ( the period) |
an |
bat`sar
(~“båt-sår”) |
future |
futur,
avenir |
bhavisyat`
(~“bhåbich'chåt”) |
day: Thursday |
jour
4: jeudi |
brrihaspatibaar |
day: Wednesday |
jour
3: mercredi |
budh-baar |
day |
jour |
din |
yesterday |
hier |
gata
kaal (~“gåtå kaal”) |
time (period, era) |
époque |
kaal |
day: Tuesday |
jour
2: mardi |
man¹gal-baar |
day: Sunday |
jour
7: dimanche |
rabi-baar
/ ravi-vaar |
year ( in a date) |
année |
saal
(~“chaal”) |
time (measure) |
temps |
samay
(~“chåmaui”) |
week |
semaine |
saptaa
(~“chåptaa”) |
day: Saturday |
jour
6: samedi |
shanibaar |
last days |
derniers
jours |
shes
kaal |
day: Friday |
jour
5: vendredi |
shukrabaar |
day: Monday |
jour
1: lundi |
som-baar |
[Go to Grammar 1
Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
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GRAMMAR 1.5: Nouns and Pronouns: Full List – English to Bengali
GRAMMAIRE 1.5: Les Noms et Les Pronoms:
Liste Entière—Français – Bengali
plural ending “-s” (non-persons) |
“-s”
terminaison plurielle (non-personnes) |
-gulo
/ -guli |
plural ending “-s” (persons) |
“-s”
terminaison plurielle (personnes) |
-eraa
/ -raa |
help |
aide |
saahaayya
(~“chaahaadj'jå”) |
friend |
ami |
bandhu
(~“båndhu”) |
love |
amour |
prem,
bhaalabaasaa |
year ( the period) |
an |
bat`sar
(~“båt-sår”) |
English language |
anglais |
in°rejii |
English person |
Anglais |
in°rej |
animal |
animal,
bête |
pashu |
year ( in a date) |
année |
saal
(~“chaal”) |
...ing / verbal: e.g. doing--- |
-ant
/ verbale: ex faisant |
---kar-te
(~“kår-té”) |
...ing / verbal: e.g. seeing--- |
-ant
/ verbale: ex voyant |
---dekh-te |
tree |
arbre |
gaach,
brriksa (~“brik'kå”) |
attitude |
attitude |
manobhaab |
today |
aujourd’hui |
aaj-ke |
Bengali language |
bengali |
baan°laa |
Bengali person |
Bengali |
baan¹gaalii |
Bible |
Bible |
baaibel |
benefit |
bienfait,
avantage |
laabh,
phaa'idaa |
happiness |
bonheur |
sukh,
aananda |
kindness |
bonté |
dayaa
(~“dåyaa”) |
purpose |
but,
objet |
uddeshya |
this (thing) |
ce
-ci |
e |
that (thing) |
ce
-là |
ee |
these (things) |
ces
-ci |
e-gulo
/ e-guli |
those (things) |
ces
-là |
ee-gulo
/ ee-guli |
flesh, meat |
chair,
viande |
maan°sa |
chapter |
chapitre |
adhyaay
(~“åd-dhaay”) |
leader |
chef |
netaa |
way (direction) |
chemin
(direction) |
dik`/
dig`, taraph |
dog |
chien |
kukur |
article, thing |
chose |
jinis |
thing, article |
chose |
jinis |
circumstances, situation |
circonstances,
situation |
paristhiti |
condition, state |
condition,
état |
abasthaa
/ avasthaa |
knowledge |
connaissance |
jnaan
(~“gyaan”) |
creation |
création |
srristi |
crime |
criminalité |
aparaadh
(~“åpåraadh”) |
tomorrow |
demain |
aagaamii kaal |
last days |
derniers
jours |
shes
kaal |
desire, will |
désire,
volonté |
icchaa |
destruction |
destruction |
dhvan°sa
(~“d'dhång-chå”) |
God (from Urdu) |
Dieu
(de l’urdu) |
khodaa |
God (general Bengali) |
Dieu
(en bengali général) |
iishvar
(~“iiche'chår”) |
direction, way |
direction,
chemin |
dik`
/ dig`, taraph |
God’s |
divine,
de Dieu |
iishvarer,
khodaar |
water |
eau |
paani,
jal |
encouragement |
encouragement |
ut`saaha |
boy, son |
enfant,
fils |
chele,
putra |
time (period, era) |
époque |
kaal |
hope |
espoir |
aashaa |
mental spirit |
esprit |
man
(~“mån”) |
mind |
esprit |
man
(~“mån”) |
state, condition |
état,
condition |
abasthaa
/ avasthaa |
study |
étude |
adhyayan
(~“åd-dhåyån”) |
-er |
-eur,
faiseur |
-kaarii |
to do |
faire |
karaa
(~“kåraa”) |
to ... / verbal: e.g. to do--- |
faire |
---karaa
(~“kåraa”) |
doing |
faisant,
faire |
kar-te
(~“kår-té”) |
-doer |
faiseur |
-kaarii |
family |
famille |
paribaar |
wife, woman |
femme |
strii |
woman, wife |
femme |
strii |
daughter, girl |
fille,
enfante |
meye |
son, boy |
fils,
enfant |
chele,
putra |
belief |
foi |
bishvaas
(~“biche'chaache”) |
faith |
foi |
bishvaas
(~“biche'chaache”) |
French language |
français |
pharaasii
(bhaasaa) |
French person |
Français |
pharaasii
(lok) |
brother |
frère |
bhaai |
fruit |
fruit |
phal |
future |
futur,
avenir |
bhavisyat`
(~“bhåbiche'chåt”) |
war |
guerre |
yuddha (~“djud'dhå”) |
hatred |
haine |
ghrrinaa |
yesterday |
hier |
gata
kaal (~“gåtå kaal”) |
man |
homme |
maanus |
picture |
image |
chabi
(~“tchhåbie”) |
individual, person |
individu,
personne |
byakti
(~“bekti”) / vyakti |
Jehovah |
Jéhovah |
yihobaa (~“djihôbàa”) |
Jesus |
Jésus |
yiishu (~“djiichu”)
/ iisaa |
day |
jour |
din |
day: Monday |
jour
1: lundi |
som-baar |
day: Tuesday |
jour
2: mardi |
man¹gal-baar |
day: Wednesday |
jour
3: mercredi |
budh-baar |
day: Thursday |
jour
4: jeudi |
brrihaspatibaar |
day: Friday |
jour
5: vendredi |
shukrabaar |
day: Saturday |
jour
6: samedi |
shanibaar |
day: Sunday |
jour
7: dimanche |
rabi-baar
/ ravi-vaar |
righteousness |
justice |
dhaarmikataa |
freedom |
liberté |
mukti |
book |
livre
(le) |
bai
(~“boy”), kitaab |
magazine |
magazine |
patrikaa |
house |
maison |
baarii,
ghar, grriha |
manner, way |
manière,
façon |
bhaab |
way (manner) |
manière,
façon |
man
(~“mån”), bhaab |
lack, shortage |
manque |
abhaab
(~“åbhaab”) |
shortage, lack |
manque |
abhaab
(~“åbhaab”) |
husband |
mari,
époux |
swaamii |
wickedness |
méchanceté |
dustataa |
mother |
mère |
maataa,
maa |
message |
message |
san°baad
(~“chång-baad”) |
world |
monde |
jagat`
(~“djågåt”), duniyaa |
name |
nom |
naam |
food |
nourriture |
khaadya,
khaabaar |
return visit |
nouvelle visite |
punahha
saaksaat` |
work |
œuvre,
travail |
kaaj,
kaam, |
worker |
ouvrier,
travailleur |
karma-kaarii |
bird |
oiseau |
paakhi
/ paksi (~“påk'ki”) |
peace |
paix |
shaanti |
parents |
parents |
pitaamaataa |
thing said; word |
parole |
kathaa
(~“kåthaa”), |
word spoken |
parole |
baakya
(~“bàak'kå”), |
side of an issue |
parti |
paksa |
thought |
pensée |
man
(~“mån”), mat |
father |
père |
pitaa,
baabaa |
person, people |
personne,
gens |
lok |
person, individual |
personne,
individu |
byakti
(~“bèkti”) / vyakti |
fish |
poisson |
maach |
evidence, proof |
preuve |
pramaan |
proof, evidence |
preuve |
pramaan |
problem |
problème |
samasyaa |
what |
que |
yaa (~“jaa”) |
what (one)? |
que? |
kii? |
what (ones?) |
que?
quels? |
kii
kii? |
anyone, someone |
quelqu’un |
keha
/ keu |
someone, anyone |
quelqu’un |
keu
/ keha |
question |
question |
prashna |
who |
qui |
ye (~“je”) |
WHO (plural) |
QUI
(pluriel) |
yaaraa |
who? |
qui? |
ke? |
WHO? (plural) |
QUI?
(pluriel) |
kaaraa?
(~“kàaraa”) |
religion |
religion |
dharma
(~“dhårmå”) |
answer |
réponse,
solution |
uttar |
meeting |
réunion |
sabhaa
(~“chåbhaa”) |
kingdom |
royaume |
raajya |
Kingdom Hall |
Salle
du Royaume |
kin°dam
hal |
salvation |
salut |
paritraan |
Satan |
Satan |
shayataan |
rescue, survival |
sauvetage,
secours |
raksaa |
survival, rescue |
sauvetage,
secours |
raksaa |
week |
semaine |
saptaa
(~“chåptaa”) |
situation, circumstances |
situation,
circonstance |
paristhiti |
sister |
sœur |
bon |
disturbance |
tapage,
manque de paix |
ashaanti
(~“åchàanti”) |
witness (activity) |
témoignage |
saaksa
(~“chàak'kå”) |
witness (person) |
témoin |
saaksii
(~“chàak'kii”) |
time (measure) |
temps |
samay
(~“chåmoi”) |
Earth |
Terre |
prrithibii |
terrorism |
terrorisme |
santraas
(~“chåntraache”) |
terroriser |
terroriste |
santraas-kaarii |
truth |
vérité |
satya
(~“chåt'tå”) |
verse (in a chapter) |
verset |
pad
(~“påd”) |
life |
vie |
jiiban |
violence |
violence |
dooraatmya
(~“douraat'tå”), |
visit |
visite |
saaksaat`
(~“chaak'kaat”) |
to ... / verbal: e.g. to see--- |
voir |
---dekhaa |
will, desire |
volonté |
icchaa |
accurate knowledge |
vraie
connaissance |
tatva
jnaan |
[Go to Grammar 1 Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
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GRAMMAR 1.6: Nouns and
Pronouns: Full List – Bengali to English
GRAMMAIRE 1.6: Les Noms et Les Pronoms:
Liste Entière—Bengali – Français
--- dekhaa |
voir |
to… / verbal: e.g. to see
--- |
--- dekh-te |
voyant |
…ing / verbal: e.g. seeing
--- |
--- karaa |
faire |
to… / verbal: e.g. to do
--- |
--- kar-te |
faisant |
…ing / verbal: e.g. doing
--- |
aagaamii kaal |
demain |
tomorrow |
aaj-ke |
aujourd’hui |
today |
aananda / sukh |
bonheur |
happiness |
aashaa |
espoir |
hope |
abasthaa (~“åbåsthaa”) |
condition,
état |
condition, state |
abhaab (~“åbhaab”) |
manque |
lack, shortage |
adhyaay (~“åd-dhaay”) |
chapitre |
chapter |
adhyayan (~“åd-dhåyån”) |
étude |
study |
aparaadh (~“åpåraadh”) |
criminalité |
crime |
ashaanti (~“åchaanti”) |
tapage,
manque de paix |
disturbance, lack of peace |
baaibel |
Bible |
Bible |
baakya (~“bàak'kå”), |
parole,
mot |
word |
baan°laa |
bengali |
Bengali language |
baan¹gaalii |
Bengali |
Bengali person |
baarii, ghar, grriha |
maison |
house |
bai (~“bauy”), kitaab |
livre
(le) |
book |
bandhu (~“båndhu”) |
ami |
friend |
bat`sar (~“båt-sår”) |
an |
year (period) |
bhaab, man |
manière,
façon |
way (manner) |
bhaai |
frère |
brother |
bhaalabaasaa, prem |
amour |
love |
bhabisyat` (~“bhåbiche'chåt”) |
futur,
avenir |
future |
bishvaas (~“bich'chaache”) |
foi |
belief, faith |
bon |
sœur |
sister |
brrihaspatibaar |
jour
4: jeudi |
Thursday |
brriksa (~“brik'kå”), |
arbre |
tree |
budhabaar |
jour
3: mercredi |
Wednesday |
byakti (~“békti”) / vyakti |
personne,
individu |
person, individual |
chabi (~“tchhåbi”) |
image |
picture |
chele, putra |
fils,
enfant |
son, boy |
dayaa (~“dåyaa”) |
bonté |
kindness |
--- dekhaa |
voir |
verbal: e.g. to see--- |
--- dekh-te |
voyant |
verbal: e.g. seeing--- |
dhaarmikataa |
justice |
righteousness |
dharma (~“dhårmå”) |
religion |
religion |
dhvan°sa |
destruction |
destruction |
dik` / dig`, taraph |
direction,
chemin |
direction, way |
dik`/ dig`, taraph |
chemin
(direction) |
way (direction) |
din |
jour |
day |
dooraatmya |
violence |
violence |
duniyaa, jagat` |
monde |
world |
dustataa |
méchanceté |
wickedness |
e |
ce
-ci |
this (thing) |
ee |
ce
-là |
that (thing) |
ee-gulo / ee-guli |
ces
-là |
those (things) |
e-gulo / e-guli |
ces
-ci |
these (things) |
-eraa / -raa |
“-s”
terminaison plurielle (personnes) |
plural ending “-s”
(persons) |
gaach, brriksa |
arbre |
tree |
gata kaal (~“gåtå kaal”) |
hier |
yesterday |
ghar, baarii, grriha |
maison |
house |
ghrrinaa |
haine |
hatred |
grriha, baarii, ghar |
maison |
house |
-gulo / -guli |
“-s”
terminaison plurielle (non-personnes) |
plural ending “-s”
(non-persons) |
“gyaan” > jnaan |
connaissance |
knowledge |
icchaa |
volonté,
désire |
will, desire |
iisaa, yiishu |
Jésus |
Jesus |
iishvar (~“iiche'chår”) |
Dieu
(en bengali général) |
God (general Bengali) |
iishvarer, khodaar |
divine,
de Dieu |
God’s |
in°rej |
Anglais |
English person |
in°rejii |
anglais |
English language |
hin°saa, dooraatmya |
violence |
violence |
jagat` (~“djågåt”), |
monde |
world |
jiiban |
vie |
life |
jinis |
chose |
thing, article |
jnaan (~“gyaan”) |
connaissance |
knowledge |
kaaj, karma, kaam |
œuvre,
travail |
work |
kaal |
époque |
time (period, era) |
kaam, kaaj, karma |
œuvre,
travail |
work |
kaaraa? |
QUI?
(pluriel) |
WHO? (plural) |
-kaarii |
faiseur |
-doer |
-kaarii |
-eur,
faiseur |
-er |
--- karaa (~“kåraa”) |
verbale:
ex faire |
verbal: e.g. to do--- |
karma (~“kårmå”), |
œuvre,
travail |
work |
karma-kaarii |
ouvrier,
travailleur |
worker |
--- kar-te (~“kår-té”) |
verbale:
ex faisant, faire |
verbal: e.g. doing--- |
kathaa (~“kåthaa”) |
parole |
thing said; word |
ke? |
qui? |
who? |
keha / keu |
quelqu’un |
anyone, someone |
keu / keha |
quelqu’un |
someone, anyone |
khaabaar, khaadya |
nourriture |
food |
khaadya, khaabaar |
nourriture |
food |
khodaa |
Dieu
(de l’urdu) |
God (from Urdu) |
khodaar, iishvarer |
divine,
de Dieu |
God’s |
kii kii? |
quels? |
what ones? |
kii? |
quels?
que? |
what (one)? |
kin°dam hal |
Salle
du Royaume |
Kingdom Hall |
kitaab, bai |
livre
(le) |
book |
kukur |
chien |
dog |
laabh, phaa'idaa |
bienfait,
avantage |
benefit |
lok |
gens,
personne |
person, people |
maa, maataa |
mère |
mother |
maach |
poisson |
fish |
maan°sa |
chair,
viande |
flesh, meat |
maanus |
homme |
man |
maataa, maa |
mère |
mother |
man (~“mån”) |
esprit,
façon de penser |
mental spirit, line of
thought |
man, bhaab |
manière |
way (manner) |
man, mat |
pensée,
esprit |
mind, thought |
man¹gal-baar |
jour
2: mardi |
Tuesday |
manobhaab |
attitude |
attitude |
mat, man |
pensée |
thought, mind |
meye |
fille,
enfante |
daughter, girl |
mukti |
liberté |
freedom |
naam |
nom |
name |
netaa |
chef |
leader |
paakhi, |
oiseau |
bird |
paani, jal |
eau |
water |
pad (~“påd”) |
verset |
verse (in a chapter) |
paksa (~“påk'kå”) |
parti |
side of an issue |
paksi(~“påk'ki”), paakhi |
oiseau |
bird |
paribaar |
famille |
family |
paristhiti |
situation,
circonstances |
situation, circumstances |
paritraan |
salut |
salvation |
pashu |
animal,
bête |
animal |
patrikaa |
magazine |
magazine |
phaa'idaa, laabh |
bienfait,
avantage |
benefit |
phal |
fruit |
fruit |
pharaasii (bhaasaa) |
français |
French langauge |
pharaasii (lok) |
Français |
French person |
pitaa, baabaa |
père |
father |
pitaamaataa |
parents |
parents |
pramaan |
preuve |
proof, evidence |
prashna |
question |
question |
prem, bhaalabaasaa |
amour |
love |
prrithibii |
terre |
earth |
punahha saaksaat` |
nouvelle visite |
return visit |
putra, chele |
fils,
enfant |
son, boy |
-raa / -eraa |
“-s”
terminaison plurielle (personnes) |
plural ending “-s”
(persons) |
raajya |
royaume |
kingdom |
rabi-baar / ravi-vaar |
jour
7: dimanche |
Sunday |
raksaa |
sauvetage,
secours |
rescue; survival |
ravi-vaar / rabi-baar |
jour
7: dimanche |
Sunday |
saahaayya |
aide |
help |
saaksaat` (~“chaak'kaat”) |
visite |
visit |
saaksa (~“chaak'kå”) |
témoignage |
witness (activity) |
saaksii (~“chaak'kii”) |
témoin |
witness (person) |
saal (~“chaal”) |
année |
year (date) |
sabhaa (~“chåbhaa”) |
réunion |
meeting |
samasyaa |
problème |
problem |
samay (~“chåmoi”) |
temps |
time (measure) |
san°baad / san°vaad |
message |
message |
santraas (~“chåntràache”) |
terrorisme |
terrorism |
santraas-kaarii |
terroriste |
terroriser |
saptaa (~“chåptaa”) |
semaine |
week |
satya (~“chåt'tå”) |
vérité |
truth |
shaanti |
paix |
peace |
shanibaar |
jour
6: samedi |
Saturday |
shayataan |
Satan |
Satan |
shes kaal |
derniers
jours |
last days |
shukrabaar |
jour
5: vendredi |
Friday |
som-baar |
jour
1: lundi |
Monday |
srristi |
création |
creation |
strii |
femme |
wife, woman |
sukh, aananda |
bonheur |
happiness |
swaamii (~“chaamii”) |
mari,
époux |
husband |
taraph, dik` / dig` |
direction,
chemin |
direction, way |
tatva jnaan |
vraie
connaissance |
accurate knowledge |
uddeshya |
but,
objet |
purpose |
ut`saaha |
encouragement |
encouragement |
uttar |
réponse,
solution |
answer |
vyakti / byakti |
personne,
individu |
person, individual |
yaa (~“djàa”) |
que |
what |
yaaraa (~“djàaraa”) |
QUE
(pluriel) |
WHO (plural) |
ye (~“djé”) |
qui |
who |
yihobaa (~“djihôbàa”) |
Jéhovah |
Jehovah |
yiishu (~“djiichu”), iisaa |
Jésus |
Jesus |
yuddha (~“djud'dhå”) |
guerre |
war |
Do Exercises
Faire Exercices 1.4,
1.5,
1.6,
1.7,
1.8,
1.9
[Go to Grammar 1 Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
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GRAMMAR 2.
PROCESS DONE (VERB) GRAMMAIRE 2.
L’ACTION (VERBE) |
2.1 The Basic Pattern for Endings of All Verbs
Les
Terminaisons Typiques de Tous Les Verbes
2.2 Pattern 1:- kar_aa — to do, to make
Type 1:-
kar_aa – faire
2.3 Pattern 2:- la-oyaa — to lead, take, bring
Type 2:-
la-oyaa – prendre, mener, porter
2.4 Pattern 3:- khaa-oyaa — to eat
Type 3:-
khaa-oyaa - manger
2.5 Pattern 4:- ghum_aa-no — to sleep
Type 4:-
ghum_aa-no - dormir
2.6 Negative Forms of Verbs
Formes
Négatives de Verbes
2.7 Compound Verbs
Verbes
Composés
2.8 Must, Have to do: “kar-te habe”
Devoir Faire:
“kar-te habe”
[Go to Grammar 2 Grammaire 2] [Exercice 2]
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GRAMMAR 2.1: GRAMMAIRE 2.1
The Basic Pattern for Endings of All Verbs
Terminaisons Typiques de Tous les Verbes
VERB ENDINGS: BASIC PATTERN |
||||
Person |
Past |
Present |
Future |
|
Common |
I, we |
-laam |
_i |
-bo |
you, YOU |
-le |
_o |
-be |
|
he, she, it they |
-lo |
_e or -y |
-be |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Honorific |
you, YOU |
-len |
_en |
-ben |
NOTES:-
NOTES:-
1. The pronunciation and related spelling may be softened or hardened in different styles, the final ‘o’ being softened to ‘a’, or the final ‘a’ being hardened to ‘o’.
1. La prononciation et l’orthographe peuvent être rendues plus douces ou plus dures dans les styles différents. La voyelle finale ‘o’ peut se rendre plus douce comme ‘a’; et une ‘a’ finale peut devenir plus dure comme ‘o’.2. The above endings are the short colloquial (‘Chalito’) forms. The classical (‘Sadhu’) forms are generally longer:-
2. Les terminaisons ci-dessus sonts les formes courtes employées dans la langue parlée (‘Chalito’). Les formes classiques du Sadhu sont généralement plus longues:-
Past (Sadhu)
Passé (Sadhu)Future (Sadhu)
Futur (Sadhu)-ilaam
-iba
-ile
-ibe
-ila
-ibe
-ilen
-iben
3. For this basic introductory course, let's get by with only these three tense forms. Other tense forms exist in the past, present and future, covering perfect, imperfect and conditional actions. The colloquial and classical forms of these tenses also differ.
3. Pour ce cours élémentaire et préliminaire nous nous limiterons à ces trois temps simples des verbes. Il existe d’autres temps au temps passé, au temps présent, et au temps futur. Ceux-ci couvrent les actions parfaites, imparfaites, et conditionnelles. Les formes de ces temps-ci dans le style Chalito sont diffèrentes de celles dans le style Sadhu.
[Go to Grammar 2 Grammaire 2] [Exercice 2]
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GRAMMAR 2.2: GRAMMAIRE 2.2
Pattern 1:-
kar_aa — to do, to make
Type 1:- kar_aa – faire
VERB ENDINGS: KARAA (to do) |
||||
Person |
Past |
Present |
Future |
|
(did do, etc.) |
(does do, etc.) |
(will do, etc.) |
||
Common |
I, we |
kar-laam |
kar_i |
kar-bo |
you, YOU |
kar-le |
kar_o |
kar-be |
|
he, she, it they |
kar-lo |
kar_e |
kar-be |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Honorific |
you, YOU |
kar-len |
kar_en |
kar-ben |
Do Exercise
Faire Exercice 2.1
[Go to Grammar 2 Grammaire 2] [Exercice 2]
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Some verbs like “kar_aa” |
||
to do, make |
|
kar_aa
|
to speak |
|
bal_aa
|
to read, fall |
|
par_aa
|
to understand |
|
bujh_aa
|
to bring |
|
aan_aa
|
to come |
|
aas_aa
|
to be able to (can) |
|
paar_aa
|
to die |
|
mar_aa
|
to hit, kill |
|
maar_aa
|
to know |
|
jaan_aa
|
to see |
|
dekh_aa
|
to remain |
|
thaak_aa
|
Do Exercises
Faire Exercices 2.2,
2.3
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GRAMMAR 2.3: GRAMMAIRE 2.3:
Pattern 2:-
la-oyaa — to lead, take, bring
Type 2:- la-oyaa – prendre, mener, porter
VERB ENDINGS: LAOYAA (to lead) |
||||
Person |
Past |
Present |
Future |
|
(did lead) |
(does lead, etc.) |
(will lead etc.) |
||
Common |
I, we |
lai-laam |
la-i |
la-bo |
you, YOU |
lai-le |
la-o |
la-be |
|
he, she, it they |
lai-lo |
la-y |
la-be |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Honorific |
you, YOU |
lai-len |
la-n |
la-ben |
Exceptions:-
Exceptions:-
ha-oyaa — |
to be:
(definite state) |
chi-laam |
aach_i; |
ha-bo |
ha-oyaa
— |
to be: (prove to be) |
ha-laam |
ha_i |
ha-bo |
ne-oyaa
— |
to take |
ni-laam |
ne-i |
ni-bo |
de-oyaa
— |
to give |
di-laam |
de-i |
di-bo |
Some verbs like “la-oyaa” (pronounced: ~“la-waa”) |
||
to lead, bring |
|
la-oyaa
|
to be, to
prove to be, to come to be |
|
ha-oyaa
|
‘not to be’ (Imagine this when forming “I am not”, etc.) |
|
‘na-oyaa’ |
Do Exercises
Faire Exercices 2.4,
2.5
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GRAMMAR 2.4: GRAMMAIRE 2.4:
Pattern 3:-
khaa-oyaa — to eat (pronounced: “~khaa-waa”)
Type 3:- khaa-oyaa - manger
VERB ENDINGS: KHAAOYAA (to eat) |
||||
Person |
Past |
Present |
Future |
|
(did eat) |
(does eat, etc.) |
(will eat etc.) |
||
Common |
I, we |
khe-laam |
khaa-i |
khaa-bo |
you, YOU |
khe-le |
khaa-o |
khaa-be |
|
he, she, it they |
khe-lo |
khaa-y |
khaa-be |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Honorific |
you, YOU |
khe-len |
khaa-n |
khaa-ben |
Exceptions:-
Exceptions:-
yaa-oyaa — |
to go |
ge-laam |
yaa-i |
yaa-bo |
caa-oyaa
— |
to want |
caa-i-laam |
caa-i |
caa-i-bo |
gaa-oyaa
— |
to sing |
gaa-i-laam |
gaa-i |
gaa-bo |
Some verbs like “khaa-oyaa” (pronounced: “khaa-waa”) |
||
to want vouloir |
|
caa-oyaa
|
to get obtenir, recevoir, gagner |
|
paa-oyaa
|
to go aller |
|
yaa-oyaa |
to sing chanter |
|
gaa-oyaa
|
Do Exercise
Faire Exercice 2.6
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GRAMMAR 2.5: GRAMMAIRE 2.5:
Pattern 4:-
ghum_aa-no — to sleep
Type 4:- ghum_aa-no – dormir
VERB ENDINGS: GHUMAANO (to sleep) |
||||
Person |
Past |
Present |
Future |
|
(did sleep) |
(does sleep, etc.) |
(will sleep etc.) |
||
Common |
I, we |
ghumaa-laam |
ghumaa-i |
ghumaa-bo |
you, YOU |
ghumaa-le |
ghumaa-o |
ghumaa-be |
|
he, she, it they |
ghumaa-lo |
ghumaa-y |
ghumaa-be |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Honorific |
you, YOU |
ghumaa-len |
ghumaa-n |
ghumaa-ben |
Some Verbs like “ghumaa-no” |
||
to sleep |
|
ghumaa-no
|
to run |
|
dooraa-no |
to stand |
|
daa^raa-no |
to cause to do |
|
karaa-no
|
to cause to see (show) |
|
dekhaa-no
|
Do Exercise
Faire Exercice 2.7
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GRAMMAR 2.6: GRAMMAIRE 2.6
Negative Forms
of Verbs
Formes Négatives des Verbes
The past negative
uses the present form with ‘ni’ added. {I
did not sleep} = {I sleep + “ni”} = {aami ghumaai ni}
Le passé au négatif utilise la forme du temps présent avec ‘ni’ ajouté.
{Je ne dormais pas} = {Je dors + “ni”} = {aami
ghumaai ni}
VERB ENDINGS IN NEGATIVE: KARAA (to do) |
||||
Person |
Past |
Present |
Future |
|
(did not do, etc.) |
(does not do, etc. |
(will not do, etc.) |
||
Common |
I, we |
kar_i ni |
kar_i naa |
kar-bo naa |
you, YOU |
kar_o ni |
kar_o naa |
kar-be naa |
|
he, she, it they |
kar_e ni |
kar_e naa |
kar-be naa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Honorific |
you, YOU |
kar_en ni |
kar_en naa |
kar-ben naa |
Exception: Exception:-
Exceptionally, ‘It
does not exist’ = ‘nei’.
Comme exception, “Il n’existe pas” = “nei”.
Examples of
Negative Forms of Verbs:-
Exemples de Formes Négatives de Verbes:-
I do not understand. |
|
aami
bujhi naa |
I did not understand |
|
aami
bujhi ni. |
I have a big book. |
|
aamaar
bara bai aache. |
I do not have a big book. |
|
aamaar
bara bai nei |
[Go to Grammar 2 Grammaire 2] [Exercice 2]
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GRAMMAR 2.7: GRAMMAIRE 2.7:
Compound Verbs
Verbes Composés
Compound verbs
combine a noun or adjective with an auxilliary verb like “karaa”.
Les verbes composés utilisent un substantif avec un verbe auxiliaire
comme “karaa”.
to think penser |
mane
karaa |
to destroy détruire |
dhvan°sa
karaa |
|
to believe croire |
bishvaas
karaa |
to hate haïr |
ghrrinaa
karaa |
|
to create créer |
srristi
karaa |
to love aimer |
prem
karaa |
|
to encourage encourager |
ut`saahita
karaa |
to delight réjouir |
aananda
karaa |
|
to forget oublier |
bhule
yaaoyaa |
Note: The verb is placed last in
the sentence or clause (followed by ‘naa’ or ‘ni’, if negative.)
Note: On met le verbe en dernière place dans la phrase ou
proposition. Puis si c’est au négatif,
on met ‘naa’ ou ‘ni’ après le verbe.
We sleep. |
Nous
dormons |
aamaraa
ghumaa-i. |
They stood. |
Ils
restaient debout. |
taaraa
daa^raa-lo. |
I thought. |
Je
pensais. |
aami
mane kar-laam. |
He
created. |
Il créait. |
tini
srristi kar-len. |
You
encourage. |
Vous
encouragiez. |
aapani
ut`saahita kar_en. |
They don't believe. |
Ils
ne croient pas. |
taaraa
bishvaas kar_e naa. |
We could not. |
Nous
ne pouvions pas. |
aamaraa
paar_i ni. |
Peace doesn't exist. |
La
paix n’existe pas. |
shaanti
nei. |
Do Exercise
Faire Exercice 2.8,
etc.
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GRAMMAR 2.8: GRAMMAIRE 2.8
Must, Have to do: “kar-te habe”
Devoir Faire: “kar-te habe”
This
form is peculiar to Bengali. The verb
used to express compulsion is “habe” (“will be”). The required action is in the “-te” (“-ing”)
form of a verb. The person who must act
appears as the possessor of the duty.
Cette forme est particulière au
bengali. Pour exprimer la compulsion on
utilise “habe” (“sera”). L’action nécessaire est dans la forme du
verbe “-te” (“-ant”). La personne qui doit agir se montre comme le
possesseur de l’action.
I must listen |
Je
dois écouter |
aamaar shun-te habe |
I have a book |
J’ai
un livre |
aamaar bai aache |
It must be done |
On
doit faire cela. |
taa kar-te habe. |
I must do that |
Je
dois faire cela. |
aamaar taa kar-te habe |
[Go to Grammar 2 Grammaire 2] [Exercice 2]
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GRAMMAR 3. OBJECTS – Nouns and Pronouns According to
‘Case’ GRAMMAIRE 3. LES COMPLÉMENTS D’OBJET – |
3.1 Cases for
Personal Object Nouns and Pronouns Les cas pour les noms et
les pronoms personnels des compléments objet
3.2 Cases for
Non-Personal Object Nouns and Pronouns Les cas pour les noms
et les pronoms non-personnels des compléments objet
3.3 More Post-Positional Elements Plus de
post-positions
We saw in Grammar 1 how nouns and pronouns can be used as
the subject (the Doer) in a sentence. If
a person or thing is affected by the action of the Doer, it is the “Object” in
the sentence. When nouns and pronouns form
the object, they are usually modified in various ways depending upon the object
case.
Nous avons vu dans la –
Grammaire 1 comment les noms et les pronoms peuvent s’employer comme le
sujet (le Faiseur) d’une phrase. Si
l’action du Faiseur a un effet sur une personne ou sur quelque chose, celles-ci
sont le complément d’objet dans la phrase.
Quand les noms ou les pronoms forment le complément d’objet, ils se
modifient souvent selon leur cas de complément d’objet.
[Go to Grammar 3
Grammaire 3]
[Exercice 3]
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GRAMMAR 3.1: GRAMMAIRE 3.1:
Cases for
Personal Object Nouns and Pronouns
Les cas pour les noms et les pronoms personnels des compléments objet
Personal Object |
|||||
|
Singular |
Plural |
|||
man |
homme |
maanus |
maanus |
_eraa |
|
affecting the man |
ayant
effet sur l’homme |
maanus |
-ke |
maanus |
-der (-ke) |
of the man |
de
l’homme |
maanus |
_er |
maanus |
-der |
to the man |
à
l’homme |
maanus |
-ke / |
maanus |
-der (-ke) / |
through the man |
par
l’homme |
maanus |
_er dvaaraa |
maanus |
-der dvaaraa |
by way of the man |
par
(ou via) l’homme |
maanus |
_er diye |
maanus |
-der diye |
from the man |
de
l’homme |
maanus |
(_er kaac) theke |
maanus |
-der (kaac) theke |
in/on/at the man |
dans
l’homme, |
maanus |
_e (or -te) |
maanus |
-der madhye |
Oh the man! |
Oh
homme! |
he maanus ! |
he maanus_eraa ! |
The Bengali word “kaac” conveys the sense of ‘being near to’, so you
could visualize it as “proximity” or “vicinity”, perhaps “presence”, close to a
person.
Le mot bengali “kaac” (~ “caatsch”)
communique l’idée d’être “près de”. On
peut l’imaginer comme “proximité”, peut-être présence, au près d’une personne.
[Go to Grammar 3
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[Exercice 3]
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GRAMMAR 3.2: GRAMMAIRE 3.2:
Cases for
Non-Personal Object Nouns and Pronouns
Les cas pour les noms et les pronoms non-personnels des compléments
objet
Non-Personal Object |
|||||
|
Singular |
Plural |
|||
book |
livre |
bai |
bai |
-gulo |
|
affecting the book |
ayant
effet sur le livre |
bai |
(-) |
bai |
-gulo (-) |
ayant
effet sur le livre |
bai |
(-ke) |
bai |
-gulo (-ke) |
|
of the book |
du
livre |
bai |
-yer* |
bai |
-gulo-r |
to the book |
au
livre |
bai |
(-) |
bai |
-gulo (-) |
au
livre |
bai |
(-ke) |
bai |
-gulo (-ke) |
|
through the book |
par
le livre |
bai |
dvaaraa |
bai |
-gulo dvaaraa |
by way of the book |
par
(ou via) le livre |
bai |
-yer* diye |
bai |
-gulo diye |
from the book |
du
livre |
bai |
theke |
bai |
-gulo theke |
in/on/at the book |
dans
le livre |
bai |
-te ** |
bai |
-gulo-te |
|
dans
le livre |
bai |
-yer* madhye |
|
|
among the books |
parmi
/ entre les livres |
|
|
bai |
-gulo-r madhye |
Oh the book! |
Oh,
les livres! |
he bai ! |
he baigulo ! |
* -’er, -yer, -r after a vowel après une
voyelle
-er after a consonant après une
consonne
** -y after “aa” après “aa”
-te after another vowel après une
autre voyelle
-e after a consonant après une
consonne
Words similar to “from”
D’autres
mots qui peuvent exprimer “de, à partir de, dès, depuis”
than, from |
que,
par comparaison avec |
theke, hate (or haite) |
than, compared to |
que |
ceye |
Examples:-
Exemples:-
best (‘than all, good’) |
le
mieux |
sab ceye bhaalo |
The father is bigger than I |
Le
père est plus grand que moi. |
pitaa aamaa ceye bara |
Love is better than hatred |
L’amour
est mieux que la haine. |
prem ghrrinaa ceye bhaalo. |
It is better to give than to take |
Donner
vaut mieux que recevoir. |
paaoyaa ceye deoyaa bhaalo |
[Go to Grammar 3
Grammaire 3]
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GRAMMAR 3.3: GRAMMAIRE 3.3
More Post-Positional Elements
Plus de post-positions
for X |
pour
X |
X_er janya |
against X |
contre
X |
X_er viruddhe |
with X |
avec
X |
X_er saathe |
Examples:-
Exemples:-
for me |
pour
moi |
aamaar janya |
for us |
pour
nous |
aamaader janya |
against the truth |
contre
la vérité |
satyer viruddhe |
with the brothers |
avec
les frères |
bhaaider san¹ge |
Do
Exercises Faites Exercices 3.xx
[Go to Grammar 3
Grammaire 3]
[Exercice 3]
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GRAMMAR 4.
QUALITY DESCRIBING DOERS AND OBJECTS – Adjectives, Personal Pronouns,
etc. GRAMMAIRE 4. Qualité décrivant les
faiseurs et les compléments d’objet – |
4.1 Vocabulary
— Adjectives and Other Descriptives —
English to Bengali
Vocabulaire
– Adjectifs et d’Autres Descriptifs –
Français/Bengali
4.2 Vocabulary — Adjectives and Other
Descriptives —
Bengali to English
Vocabulaire
– Adjectifs et d’Autres Descriptifs –
Bengali/Français
4.3 Examples
Exemples
4.4 Numbers to Indicate Quantity
Les Nombres
pour Indiquer la Quantité
GRAMMAR 4.1:
GRAMMAIRE 4.1:
Vocabulary
— Adjectives and Other Descriptives —
English to Bengali
Vocabulaire – Adjectifs et d’Autres Descriptifs –
Français/Bengali
[Go to Bengali to English
Descriptives Aux Descriptifs Bengali/Français]
These words can be
used as they are with no adjustment for gender or number.
On peut utiliser ces mots sans les changer selon leur genre ou nombre.
"-’s" singular possessive |
“de”
au singulier |
-er |
"-s’" pl. (non-personal) |
“de”
au pluriel non-personnel |
-gulor |
"-s’" pl. (personal) |
“de”
au pluriel personnel |
-der |
all |
tout,
tous |
sakal
(~chåkål), |
any |
aucun |
kono |
bad |
mauvais |
manda
(~måndå), |
big |
grand |
bara
(~bårå) |
coming, next |
prochain |
aagaamii |
correct, O.K.,right |
correcte,
vrai, bien, O.K. |
thik |
false |
faux |
bhul |
few; a little |
peu,
un peu |
alpa
(~ålpå) |
forever, unending |
interminable |
ananta
(~ånåntå) |
-full / -ful |
plein
de |
-puurna |
good |
bon |
bhaalo
/ bhaala |
great |
grand |
mahaa |
happy |
heureux |
sukhii,
aanandita |
his, her, its |
son,
sa (ordinaire) |
taar |
his, her (honorific) |
son, sa (honorifique) |
taa^r |
holy |
saint |
pabitra
(~påbitrå) / |
ill, unwell, sick |
malade |
asustha
(~åchusthå) |
important |
important |
gurutvapuurna |
impossible |
impossible |
asambhab |
its, his, her |
son,
sa |
taar |
last, past |
dernier,
passé |
gata
(~gåtå) |
less |
moins |
kam |
more |
plus |
beshi;
aar-o |
most (than all) |
le
plus |
sab
ceye (~chab tchéyé) |
much |
très |
anek
(~ånek) |
my |
mon |
aamaar |
near (at hand) |
près,
proche |
nikat,
(san-)nikat |
necessary |
nécessaire |
dar-kaar,
prayojaniiya |
next, subsequent |
prochain,
suivant |
parabartii |
other |
autre |
anya
(~ån’nå), |
other |
autre |
apar
(~ån’nå), |
our |
notre |
aamaader |
past, last |
passé,
dernier |
gata
(~gåtå) |
peaceful |
paisible,
pacifique |
shaantipuurna |
possible |
possible |
sambhab
(~chåmbhåb) |
previous |
précedent |
puurbabartii |
real |
vrai |
prakrrita
(~pråkritå) |
righteous |
juste |
dhaarmik |
"-’s" singular possessive |
“de”
possessif au singulier |
-er |
"-s’" pl. (personal) |
“de”
possessif personnel au pluriel |
-der |
"-s’" pl. (non-personal) |
“de”
possessif non-personnel au pluriel |
-gulor |
sad, unhappy, sorry |
triste,
désolé |
dukhita
/ duhhakhita |
sick, unwell, ill |
malade |
asustha
(~åshusthå) |
small |
petit |
chota
(~chhotå) / chotta |
some |
quelque |
kicchu |
sorry, unhappy, sad |
désolé,
triste |
dukhita
/ duhhakhita |
subsequent, next |
suivant,
prochain |
parabartii |
that (over there) |
ce
–là |
ee |
their |
leur (honorifique) |
taa^der |
their |
leur
(ordinaire) |
taader |
this |
ce
-ci |
e |
true |
vrai |
satya
(~chåt’tå) |
unhappy, sad, sorry |
malheureux,
triste |
dukhita
/ duhhakhita |
unrighteous |
injuste |
adhaarmik |
unwell, sick, ill |
malade |
asustha
(~åchusthå) |
violent |
violent |
hin°sra
(~hing-chrå) |
well |
bien |
sustha
(~chusthå); |
WHOSE |
à
qui, dont (au pluriel) |
yaader (~djaader) |
whose |
à
qui, dont (au singulier) |
yaar (~djaar) |
WHOSE? |
à
qui? (au pluriel) |
kaader? |
whose? |
à
qui? (au singulier) |
kaar? |
YOUR |
VOTRE |
aapanaader |
YOUR |
VOTRE |
tomaader |
your |
ton,
ta |
tomaar |
your (honorific) |
votre |
aapanaar |
[Go to Grammar 4 Grammaire 4] [Exercice 4]
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GRAMMAR 4.2: GRAMMAIRE 4.2:
Vocabulary
— Adjectives and Other Descriptives —
Bengali to English
Vocabulaire – Adjectifs et d’Autres Descriptifs –
Bengali/Français
[Go to English to Bengali
Descriptives Descriptifs Français/Bengali]
aagaamii |
prochain |
coming, next |
aamaader |
notre |
our |
aamaar |
mon |
my |
aapanaader |
VOTRE |
YOUR |
aapanaar |
votre |
your (honorific) |
adhaarmik |
injuste |
unrighteous |
alpa (~ålpå) |
peu,
un peu |
few; a little |
ananta (~ånåntå) |
interminable,
éternel |
forever,
unending |
anek (~ånek) |
beaucoup,
très |
much |
anya (~ån’nå), |
autre |
other |
apar (~ån’nå), |
autre |
other |
asambhab |
impossible |
impossible |
asustha (~åshusthå) |
malade |
unwell; sick;
ill |
bara (~bårå) |
grand |
big |
beshi; aar-o |
plus |
more |
bhaalo / bhaala |
bon,
bien |
good, well |
bhul |
faux |
false |
chota (~chhotå)
/ chotta |
petit |
small |
dar-kaar, prayojaniiya |
nécessaire |
necessary |
-der |
“de”
possessif personel (au pluriel) |
"-s’"
pl. (personal) |
dhaarmik |
juste |
righteous |
dukhita / duhhakhita |
malheureux |
unhappy, sad,
sorry |
e |
ce
- ci |
this |
ee |
ce
–là |
that (over
there) |
-er |
“de”
possessif (au singulier) |
"-’s"
singular possessive |
gata (~gåtå) |
passé,
dernier |
past, last |
-gulor |
“de”
possessif non-personel (au pluriel) |
"-s’"
pl. (non-personal) |
gurutvapuurna |
important |
important |
hin°sra (~hing-chrå) |
violent |
violent |
kaader? |
de
qui? (au pluriel) |
WHOSE? |
kaar? |
de
qui? (au singulier) |
whose? |
kam |
moins |
less |
khaaraap, |
mauvais |
bad |
kicchu |
quelque |
some |
kono |
aucun |
any |
mahaa |
grand |
great |
manda (~måndå), |
mauvais |
bad |
nikat, (san_)nikat |
proche,
près |
near (at hand) |
parabartii |
prochain,
suivant |
next,
subsequent |
pabitra (~påbitrå) / |
saint |
holy |
prakrrita (~pråkritå) |
vrai |
real |
prayojaniiya, dar-kaar |
nécessaire |
necessary |
puurbabartii |
précedent |
previous |
-puurna |
plein |
-full / -ful |
sab (~chåb),
samasta, |
tout,
tous |
all |
sab ceye (~chab tcheye) |
le
plus |
most (than all) |
sakal (~chåkål), |
tout,
tous |
all |
samasta (~chåmåstå), |
tout,
tous |
all |
sambhab (~chåmbhåb) |
possible |
possible |
sannikat, nikat |
proche,
près |
near at hand |
satya (~chåt’tå) |
vrai |
true |
shaantipuurna |
paisible,
pacifique |
peaceful |
sukhii, aanandita |
heureux |
happy |
sustha (~chusthå), |
bien |
well |
taa^der |
leur |
their |
taa^r |
son, sa |
his, her (honorific) |
taader |
leur |
their |
taar |
son,
sa |
his, her, its |
thik |
correcte,
O.K., vrai |
correct,
O.K.,right |
tomaader |
VOTRE |
YOUR |
tomaar |
ton,
ta |
your |
yaader (~djàader) |
à
qui, dont (au pluriel) |
WHOSE |
yaar (~djàar) |
à
qui, dont (au singulier) |
whose |
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GRAMMAR 4.3: GRAMMAIRE 4.3
Examples
Exemples
happy life |
heureuse
vie |
sukhii
jiiban |
any peace |
aucune
paix |
kono
shaanti |
peaceful home |
maison
paisible |
shaanti-puurna
ghar |
violent attitude |
attitude
violente |
hin°sra
manobhaab |
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GRAMMAR 4.4: GRAMMAIRE 4.4:
Numbers to
Indicate Quantity
Les Nombres pour Indiquer la Quantité
one |
un |
ek
|
|
eight |
huit |
aat
|
two |
deux |
dui
|
|
nine |
neuf |
nay
|
three |
trois |
tin
|
|
ten |
dix |
dash
|
four |
quatre |
caar
|
|
eleven |
onze |
egaara
|
five |
cinq |
paa^c
|
|
twelve |
douze |
baara
|
six |
six |
chay
|
|
twenty |
vingt |
biish
|
seven |
sept |
saat
|
|
hundred |
cent |
sha`
|
Examples:-
Exemples:-
two fish (precisely) |
deux
poissons |
dui
maach |
a couple of fish |
deux
poissons (environ) |
dui-ti
maach |
two men |
deux
hommes |
dui
maanus |
a couple of good friends |
deux
(deux ou trois) beaux amis |
dui-jan
bhaalo bandhu |
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GRAMMAR 5.
MANNER (ADVERBIAL) – GRAMMAIRE 5. MANIÈRE (ADVERBIAL) – |
5.1 Time Temps
5.2 Manner Manière
5.3 Place Place
5.4 Reason Raison
5.5 Examples Exemples
GRAMMAR 5.1: GRAMMAIRE 5.1:
Time
Temps
now |
maintenant |
e-khan |
then |
alors |
takhan;
tabe |
when? |
quand? |
kakhan?
kabe? |
ever |
jamais |
kakhan-o |
never |
ne…jamais |
kakhan-o
naa |
again |
de
nouveau, encore une fois |
aabaar |
GRAMMAR 5.2: GRAMMAIRE 5.2:
Manner
Manière
this way |
ainsi,
de cette façon |
e
bhaabe, e-man |
that way |
ainsi,
de cette façon-là |
se-bhaabe,
ee bhaabe |
how? |
comment?
de quelle façon |
kii-bhaabe? keman? |
-ly |
-ment |
-bhaabe |
- indeed; -particularly |
vraiment |
-i
|
also, as well, too |
aussi |
-o |
not (present or future) |
ne…pas
(présent ou futur) |
naa |
not (past) |
ne…pas
(passé) |
ni
|
please, kindly |
s’il
vous plaît |
dayaa
kare |
very |
très |
khub |
GRAMMAR 5.3: GRAMMAIRE 5.3:
Place Place
here |
ici |
e-khaane |
there |
là |
o-khaane, tothaay |
where? |
où? |
kon`-khaane? kothaay? |
GRAMMAR 5.4: GRAMMAIRE 5.4:
Reason
Raison
for this reason |
pour
cette raison |
e
kaarane |
for that reason |
pour
cette raison-là |
ee
kaarane |
why? |
pourquoi? |
kii-kaarane?
kena? |
GRAMMAR 5.5: GRAMMAIRE 5.5:
Examples
Exemples
I alone, only I |
moi
en particulier |
aami-i |
very, very |
très,
très |
khub-i |
in this (very) way |
de
cette façon en particulier |
e bhaabe-i |
leaders also |
les
chefs aussi |
netaaraa-o |
YOU too |
VOUS
aussi |
tomaraa-o |
Why did you go? |
Pourquoi
alliez-vous? |
kena gelen? |
Where [is] he now? |
Où
[est-]il maintenant? |
se ekhan kothaay? |
Please read. |
Lisez
s’il vous plaît. |
dayaa kare paro. |
Do
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GRAMMAIRE 6.
CONNECTEURS Conjonctifs
de coordination qui relient une proposition avec une autre |
6.1 Use of
Connectives L’Usage de Connecteurs
6.2 List of
Connectives Liste de Connecteurs
6.3 Examples
Exemples
GRAMMAR 6.1: GRAMMAIRE 6.1:
Use of Connectives
L’Usage de Connecteurs
A
connective is used to combine two clauses, each of which is like a small
sentence containing its own verb. For
example:-
On emploie un connecteur pour lier deux propositions. Chaque proposition est comme une petite
phrase et contient son propre verbe. Par
exemple:-
I will come, and
we will go.
Je viendrai, et nous irons.
GRAMMAR 6.2: GRAMMAIRE 6.2:
List of Connectives
Liste de Connecteurs
and |
et |
eban° / aar |
as a result |
par
conséquent |
phalata; phale |
because |
parce
que |
kenanaa; kaaran |
but |
mais |
kintu |
for this reason |
pour
cette raison |
e-kaarane |
if |
si |
yadi |
in order that; so that |
en
ordre que, pour que |
yena |
in that case, then |
en
ce cas, puis |
tabe, taahale |
lest; so that not |
de
peur de, en peur que |
paache |
rather (not that, but) |
plutôt |
baran° |
so (therefore) |
ainsi,
alors, puis |
taai |
so that, in order that |
pour
que, en tant que |
yena |
that (the fact that) |
que
(le fait que) |
ye |
then, in that case |
alors,
en ce cas |
tabe, taahale |
therefore, so |
alors,
pour cette raison, ainsi |
taai |
whether? |
si…?
ou…? est-ce que…? |
ki? |
or |
ou |
athabaa; baa; kin°baa |
GRAMMAR 6.3: GRAMMAIRE 6.3:
Examples
Exemples
He came and we went. |
Il
venait et nous allions |
se aas-lo eban° aamaraa ge-laam. |
You came, but they did not go. |
Vous
veniez, mais ils n’allaient pas. |
tumi aas-le kintu taaraa yaay
ni. |
Are you well, mm? |
Êtes-vous
bien? (Ça va, est-ce vrai?) |
aapani ki sustha? |
They say that God does not exist. |
Ils
disent que Dieu n’existe pas. |
taaraa bale ye iishvar
nan. |
We do it so that you will get benefit. |
Nous
le faisons pour que tu bénisses. |
aamaraa taa kari yena tumi
laabh paabe. |
I will write lest I forget. |
J’écrirai
de peur d’oublier. |
aami likh-bo paache bhule yaa-i. |
Do
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GRAMMAR 7. – CONDITIONAL SENTENCES GRAMMAIRE 7. LES PHRASES CONDITIONNELLES |
7.1
Construction with Condition and Outcome
Construction
utilisant une condition et une conséquence
7.2
Preferred Position of “yadi” (“if ”)
Position préférée
de “yadi” (“si”)
7.3
Use of the Connective “tabe” (“then”)
L’usage du
connecteur “tabe” (“alors”)
7.4
Order of the Clauses in a Conditional Sentence
L’ordre des
propositions dans une phrase conditionnelle
7.5
Conditional Participles
Les participes
conditionnels
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GRAMMAR 7.1: GRAMMAIRE 7.1:
Construction
with Condition and Outcome
Construction utilisant une condition et une conséquence
This structure can be a powerful device when used in teaching. A conditional sentence is made of two parts
that are linked with special connectives.
The “if ”-clause states a condition; the “then”-clause
states the outcome.
Ce structure peut être une
formule puissante lorsqu’on l’emploie pour enseigner. Une phrase conditionnelle a deux partis liées
par des connecteurs spéciaux. La
proposition de “si” formule une condition; la proposition de “alors”
déclare la conséquence.
Clause with
the Condition, “yadi…” (“if ”)
Proposition qui contient la condition, “yadi” (“si”)
“yadi” (“if”) or a
similar word is usually placed after the subject at the beginning of the minor
clause that expresses a condition. (“yadi sounds like ~“jådi”.)
“yadi” (“si”) ou un
mot équivalent est généralement placé après le substantif au début de la
proposition mineure qui exprime une condition. (“yadi” se prononce comme
“djådi”.)
Clause
Stating the Outcome, “tabe…” or “taahale…”
Proposition qui déclare la conséquence, “tabe…” ou “taahale…”
“tabe” (“then”) or “taahale” (“that being the case”) may
be added at the start of the main clause that states the outcome. This is the statement of the main action.
On peut ajouter “tabe” (“alors”)
ou “taahale” (“en ce cas”) au début de la proposition majeure qui
déclare la conséquence. Celle-ci est la
déclaration de l’action principale.
GRAMMAR 7.2: GRAMMAIRE 7.2
Preferred
Position of “yadi” (“if ”)
Position préférée de “yadi” (“si”)
Note that many Bengalis prefer not to commence a sentence with the word
“yadi” (“if ”), if it can be placed after the “doer”.
Observez que la majorité des
Bengalis préfèrent de ne pas commencer une phrase avec “yadi” “si”,
si l’on peut le placer après le “faiseur”.
Condition |
If you [will] come, … |
aapani yadi aas-ben, … |
GRAMMAR 7.3: GRAMMAR 7.3:
Use of the
Connective “tabe” (“then”)
L’usage du connecteur “tabe” (“alors”)
Minor adjustments may be made for clarification. For example, we may add “then” or “in
that case”.
On peut faire de petites
modifications pour clarifier le sens.
Par exemple, on peut ajouter “puis” ou “en ce cas”.
Condition |
Qualified Statement |
If you [will] come, |
then I will go. |
aapani yadi aas-ben |
tabe aami yaa-bo. |
However, “tabe” (“then”) is omitted, if the order of the clauses
is reversed, as follows.
Quand même, on omet “tabe” (“alors”),
si on invert l’ordre des propositions, comme ci-dessous.
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GRAMMAR 7.4: GRAMMAIRE 7.4:
Order of the
Clauses in a Conditional Sentence
L’ordre des propositions dans une phrase conditionnelle
The order of the main and minor clauses can be swapped. You can say either of these:-
On peut inverser la proposition
majeure et la mineure. Ces deux formes
ci-après sont également utilisables:-
{If you come, too,} (then I will go).
or
(I will go), {if you come, too}.
{Si vous venez aussi,} (alors
j’irai).
ou
(J’irai), {si vous venez, aussi}.
Condition |
Qualified Statement |
|
Qualified Statement |
Condition |
If you [will] come, |
then I will go. |
or |
I will go, |
if you [will] come. |
aapani yadi aas-ben |
tabe aami yaa-bo. |
|
aami yaa-bo |
yadi aapani aas-ben |
Examples:-
Exemples:-
Say, |
if you know. |
or |
If you know, |
then say |
bal_o, |
yadi jaan_o. |
|
yadi jaan_o |
tabe bal-o. |
|
|
|
|
|
Listen, |
if you can. |
or |
If you can, |
[then] listen |
shun_o |
yadi paar_o |
|
yadi paar_o |
[tabe] shun_o |
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GRAMMAR 7.5: GRAMMAIRE 7.5:
Conditional
Participles Les participes conditionels
Bengali has conditional participles.-
En bengali il y a des
participes conditionels.
If “X” represents a certain action, then these participles convey the
idea of:
Si “X” représente une certaine action,
alors ces participes communiquent l’idée de:-
“by doing X”,
“en faisant X”
“in the case of X happening”
“dans le cas ou X se passe”
To form these participles just append “-le” to the verb’s stem.
Pour construire ces participes
on ne doit qu’ajouter “-le” après le radical du verbe.
Conditional
participles can be used with no adjustment for gender or number.
On peut utiliser les participes conditionelles sans les changer selon
genre ou nombre.
Infinitive |
by …-ing |
Verb Stem |
Conditional Participle |
to come venir |
in the case of coming en venant |
aas[aa] |
aas-le |
to see voir |
in the case of seeing en voyant |
dekh[aa] |
dekh-le |
to understand comprendre |
in the case of understanding en comprenant |
bujh[aa] |
bujh-le |
to read lire |
in the case of reading en lisant |
par[aa] |
par-le |
Examples:-
Exemples:-
If you listen,
you can understand |
En
écoutant, tu peux comprendre |
shun-le [tumi]
bujh-te paaro |
If I
know it, I do it. |
En
sachant, je le fais. |
[taa] jaan-le taa kari |
If you
come, we'll go. |
Si
tu viens, alors nous irons. |
tumi aas-le aamaraa yaabo |
If he speaks,
I will listen. |
S’il
parle, nous écouterons. |
se bal-le aami shun-bo |
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GRAMMAR 8.
INTERROGATIVES, CORRELATIVES, AND RELATIVES GRAMMAIRE 8.
Les mots interrogatifs, corrélatifs et rElatifs
|
8.1
Interrogatives (“ke?”, etc.)
Interrogatifs
(“ke?”, etc.)
8.2
Relatives and Correlatives (“ye”, “se”, etc.)
Relatifs et
corrélatifs
8.3
Sets of Three – Interrogative, Relative, and Correlative
Séries de trois
– interrogatif, relatif, et corrélatif
8.4
Examples
Exemples
GRAMMAR 8.1: GRAMMAR 8.1:
Interrogatives
(“ke?”, etc.)
Interrogatifs (“ke?”, etc.)
Use these
interrogatives to ask questions:-
Utiliser ces interrogatifs pour poser des questions:-
what? |
quoi?
que? |
kii? |
who? WHO? |
qui?
QUI? |
ke? kaaraa? |
why? |
pourquoi? |
kena? |
when? |
quand? |
kakhan? kabe? |
where? |
où? |
kothaay? kon-khaane? |
how? |
comment?
de quelle façon? |
keman? kii-bhaabe? kii kare? |
whether? |
si…?
que…? |
ki? |
which? |
quel? |
kon`? |
Examples:-
Exemples:-
What do you want? |
Que
voulez-vous? |
[aapani] kii caan? |
Who spoke? |
Qui
parlait? |
ke bal-lo? |
Why is the world full of problems? |
Pourquoi
est le monde plein de problèmes? |
jagat` kena samasyaa-puurna? |
Where is your father? |
Où
est ton père? |
tomaar pitaa kothaay? |
Do they know? |
Savent-ils? |
taaraa ki jaane? |
Which book did you read? |
Tu
lisais quel livre? |
[tumi] kon` bai par-le? |
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GRAMMAR 8.2: GRAMMAIRE 8.2:
Relatives
and Correlatives (“ye”, “se”, etc.)
Relatifs et Correlatifs (“ye”, “se”, etc.)
Answer the question, “What will you
reap?”
Répondez à la question, “Qu’est-ce que vous récolterez?”
The answer, in effect, is “The thing that you sow, this thing you will
reap.” (Galatians 6:7) Briefly put, “We reap what we so.”
La réponse sera en effet “Ce
que vous semez, cela vous récolterez.” (Galates 6:7) En bref, « Nous récoltons ce que nous
semons ».
In Bengali this structure always has two parts:-
Relative Clause – ‘The thing that
you sow’, and
Correlative Clause – ‘such thing
you will reap’
En bengali ce structure a
toujours deux partis:-
Proposition Rélative – ‘Ce que vous
semez’
Proposition Corrélative – ‘cela
vous récolterez’
GRAMMAR 8.3: GRAMMAIRE 8.3:
Sets of
Three – Interrogative, Relative, and Correlative
Séries de trois – interrogatif, rélatif, et corrélatif
There are several sets of three words that go together.
Il y a plusieurs séries de
trois mots qui vont ensemble.
|
|
Interrogative |
Relative |
Correlative |
xxx |
|
What xxx? |
The xxx |
such xxx |
|
|
|
|
|
thing |
(what) |
kii? |
yaa |
taa / se-i |
things |
(what) |
kii kii? |
ye ye |
taaraa / se-gulo |
person |
(who) |
ke? |
ye |
se |
persons |
(who) |
kaaraa? |
yaaraa |
taaraa |
reason |
(why) |
kii-kaarane? |
ye-kaarane |
se-kaarane |
reason |
(why) |
kena? |
yena |
se-janya |
reason |
(why) |
kii-janya? |
ye-janya |
se-janya |
time |
(when) |
kakhan? |
yakhan |
takhan |
time |
(when) |
kabe? |
yabe |
tabe |
fact, if |
(whether) |
ki? |
yadi |
tabe |
place |
(where) |
kon`-khaane? |
ye-khaane |
se-khaane |
place |
(where) |
kon` sthaane? |
ye-sthaane |
se-sthaane |
place |
(where) |
kothaay? |
yothaay |
tothaay |
manner |
(how) |
keman? |
ye-man |
te-man |
manner |
(how) |
kii-bhaabe? |
ye-bhaabe |
se-bhaabe |
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GRAMMAR 8.4: GRAMMAIRE 8.4:
Examples
Exemples
What you
said, that is right. |
tumi yaa
bal-le, |
The things that you saw, |
tumi ye ye
jinis dekh-le, |
He who came [this one] is ill. |
ye maanus aas-lo, |
The ones who are
righteous, |
yaaraa dhaarmik, |
For the reason that you are happy, |
tumi ye-kaarane
sukhii, |
In order that you will hear, |
aapani
yena shun-ben, |
When he speaks, |
se
yakhan bale, |
At the time at which (=if) he wants, |
[se]
yadi caay, |
The place which you went to, |
tumi
ye-khaane gele, |
In the place in which he stood, |
se
ye-khaane daa^raa-lo, |
The way it is heaven, in such way it will be on earth. |
yeman svarge hay, |
In the manner in which you look at others, in such manner others
will look at you. |
tumi
ye-bhaabe anyader-ke dekho, se-bhaabe anyeraa tomaa-ke
dekh-be. |
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GRAMMAR 9.
OTHER FORMS OF EXPRESSION – Common or Without Equivalent GRAMMAIRE 9. Autres
formes d’expression – |
The main thought has to be identified in the original language. Then an acceptable way has to be sought for
expressing this in enough detail in the new language.
On doit identifier dans la
langue originelle quelle est la pensée principale. Puis on doit essayer de trouver une façon
acceptable pour l’exprimer en assez de détail dans la nouvelle langue.
[Go to Grammar 9 Grammaire 9] [Exercice 9]
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Please
learn the following forms.
Apprendre les formes ci-après, s’il vous plaît.
greeting (from Arabic) |
salutation (de l’arabe) |
aassaalaam-oyaalaaikum |
response to greeting (from Arabic) |
réponse à la salutation (de l’arabe) |
oyaalaaikum-aassaalaam |
greeting (with other backgrounds) |
salutation (pour autres origines) |
namaskaar |
Yes |
Oui |
haa^, hyaa^, ha^ |
No |
Non |
naa |
I must listen (‘my listening will be’) |
Je dois écouter (‘mon écouter sera’) |
aamaar shun-te habe |
I have a book (‘my book exists’) |
J’ai un livre (‘mon livre existe) |
aamaar bai aache |
I have no book (my book exists not) |
Je n’ai pas de livre (mon livre n’existe pas) |
aamaar bai nei. |
I must also bring those |
Celles-là aussi, il faut que je les amène (Mon {les
amener} sera) |
aamaar taader-ke-o aan-te habe |
I like it / It impacts on me well |
Je l’aime. (Il
me touche bien.) |
aamaar bhaalo laage |
to lock / to apply the lock |
fermer à clef (appliquer la serrure) |
taalaa laagaano |
It was said to me |
On me le disait (À moi cela était dit) |
aamaake taa balaa gelo (or halo) |
It was said by me |
Je disais cela (Par moi cela était dit.) |
aamaa(r) dvaaraa taa balaa gelo (or halo) |
a book that speaks truth |
un livre qui dit la vérité (un livre disant la vérité) |
ek satya balaa bai |
a [The indefinite article does not exist.] |
un [L’article indéfini n’existe pas.] |
- |
a set number of persons |
un groupe de personnes |
-jan |
e.g. 2 friends; |
ex. deux amis; quatre filles |
e.g. dui-jan bandhu **; |
a set number of non-persons / diminutive |
nombre fixe de non-personnes / diminutif |
-ti or -taa |
e.g. 4 books; |
ex. quatre livres; dix guerres |
e.g. caar-ti bai **; |
the (personal) in particular |
le (personnel) en particulier |
se-i |
the (non-personal/diminutive) in particular |
le (non-personnel/diminutif) en particulier |
se-i ... or ...-taa |
So, … / That being so, then … |
Par conséquent / ainsi / puis |
taa-i, to |
She is my sister, it is certainly true |
Elle est ma sœur, c’est certainement vrai |
se aamaar bon, satya bate |
good … |
bon, bien-… |
su-… |
bad … |
mauvais, mal-… |
ku-… |
** Note: Only one indication of the
plural is needed. For example:-
“two friends” becomes “two friend”
“good friends” can be “good good friend”
** Note: Seulement une indication de pluralité suffit. Par exemple:-
“deux amis” équivaut à “deux ami”
“beaux amis” peut s’exprimer comme “bon bon ami”
Do Exercises
Faire Exercices 9.xx
[Go to Grammar 9 Grammaire 9] [Exercice 9]
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GRAMMAIRE 10.
Ajouter plus de fonctionnalités |
As you come across
other forms of expression, it may be beneficial to to make notes about them,
adding further important features of the Bengali language. This will help you to make a rapid start to
meaningful, fluent communication.
Si vous rencontrez d’autres formes d’expression, il peut être avantageux
d’écrire des notes à leur sujet, et d’ajouter d’autres caractéristiques
importantes de la langue bengalie. Cela
vous aidera à atteindre une communication significative et fluente.
Note 1. The doer word can be omitted
from the sentence, if it can be implied from the verb ending that is used.
Note 1. On peut omettre de la phrase le mot pour le
faiseur, si la termination du verbe le suggère.
Example:-
Exemple:-
I [am] fine |
Je [suis] bien. |
aami bhaalo. |
[I] am fine |
[Je] suis bien. |
bhaalo aachi. |
Add more notes
yourself.
Ajouter plus de notes vous-même.
I must do it |
Je dois le faire. |
aamaar taa kar-te habe. |
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GENERAL NOTES FOR
THIS COURSE
NOTES GÉNÉRALES POUR CE COURS
1. Note that throughout this course ‘YOU’ means the plural of ‘you’.
2. Note that English pronouns underlined are equivalent to the honorific form in Bengali.
3. Bengali letters underlined represent the ‘cerebral’ sound, not the ‘dental’.
4. In Bengali spellings ‘_’ indicates that the adjacent letters get brought together as one syllable.
5. In Bengali spellings ‘-’ indicates that the adjacent letters are in different syllables.
1. Dans ce cours ‘VOUS’ signifie ‘vous’ au pluriel.
2. Les pronoms français qui sont soulignés représentent la forme honorifique (“Sadhu”) du bengali.
3. Les lettres soulignées du bengali distinguent les sons cérébraux des sons dentales.
4. La forme des caractères du bengali peuvent changer selon leur contexte: indépendente, initiale, médiale, ou finale. Au contraire, les caractères latins (romans) ne changent jamais.
5. Dans les orthographes du bengali ‘_’ indique que les lettres adjacentes sont réunies en une seule syllabe.
6. Dans les orthographes du bengali ‘-’ indique que les lettres adjacentes appartiennent à des syllabes différentes.
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Exercises EXERCICES |
|
Doers
(nouns and pronouns) Faiseurs
(les noms et les pronoms) |
|
Process
done (verb)—a simple past, present and future tense L’action
(verbe) — aux temps passé, présent et futur simples |
|
Object
forms of nouns and pronouns according to ‘case’ Formes
dans un complément d’objet des noms et des pronoms selon le ‘cas’ de leur
contexte |
|
Quality describing doers and objects (adjectives, possessive
pronouns, etc.) Qualité décrivant les faiseurs et les compléments d’objet
(adjectifs, pronoms possessifs, etc..) |
|
Manner
describing process done (adverbs) Manière
qui décrit l’action (adverbes) |
|
Connectives
linking to another clause Connecteurs
qui unient une proposition avec une autre (conjonctions de coordination) |
|
Conditional
sentences Les
phrases conditionnelles |
|
Interrogatives,
correlatives and relatives Les
mots interrogatifs, corrélatifs et relatifs |
|
Other
forms of expression common or without equivalent Autres
formes d’expression courantes ou sans équivalent |
|
[Exercise 10] |
Add
other features Ajouter
plus de fonctionnalités |
Follow this
pattern:- Suivre ce modèle:-
Example |
|
Answer |
“I [am] English” |
|
“aami in°rej” |
Translate
these examples:-Traduire ces exemples:-
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
I[ a]m English |
|
aami in°rej |
se baan¹gaalii. |
|
He/she [is] Bengali. |
This is violence. |
|
taa (/ e) dooraatmya |
uttar shaanti. |
|
The answer [is] peace. |
The Bible is truth. |
|
baaibel satya. |
iishvar ke? |
|
Who [is] God? |
The answer is kindness. |
|
uttar dayaa. |
santraas ghrrinaa. |
|
Terrorism [is] hatred. |
[Go to Grammar 1
Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
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Learn words
about world conditions Apprendre des mots au sujet des conditions du
monde. [Grammaire 1.4.6] [Vocabulary Vocabulaire]
Learn words
about family members and other human relationships.
Apprendre des mots au sujet des membres de la famille [1.4.1.1] et d’autres liens humains [1.4.1.2] [Vocabulary Vocabulaire].
[Go to Grammar 1
Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
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EXERCISE 1.4
EXERCICE 1.4
Follow this
pattern:- Suivre ce modèle:-
Example |
|
Answer |
“Who are
you?” |
|
“tumi ke?” |
Note:- The interrogative word like
“ke” (“who”) is positioned last in these examples.
Note:- Le mot interrogatif comme “ke” (“qui”) se
place à la fin dans ces exemples:-
Translate
these examples:-Traduire ces exemples:-
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
Who are you? |
|
tumi ke? |
aami ... |
|
I [am a] … |
aami dak-taar |
|
I [am a] doctor |
I am a friend |
|
aami bandhu. |
I [am a] … |
|
aami ... |
aami ... |
|
I [am a] … |
What is this thing? |
|
taa kii? |
taa / e … |
|
It [is a] … |
taa pramaan. |
|
It [is] proof. |
taa / e … |
|
It [is a] … |
What are those things? |
|
eegulo kii (/kii kii)? |
eegulo … |
|
Those [are] … |
eegulo patrikaa. |
|
Those [are] magazines |
eegulo … |
|
Those [are] … |
What is today? |
|
aaj-ke kii? |
aaj-ke … |
|
Today [is]… |
Today [is] Sunday. |
|
aaj-ke rabibaar. |
aaj-ke … |
|
Today [is]… |
What is this time period? |
|
e kaal kii? |
e kaal … |
|
This time period [is]… |
This time period is the last
days |
|
e kaal shes kaal. |
Provide
answers of your choice:-
Donner des réponses selon votre choix:-
Who are you? |
|
tumi ke? |
aami ... |
|
I [am a] … |
|
|
|
What is this thing? |
|
taa kii? |
taa / e … |
|
It [is a] … |
|
|
|
What are those things? |
|
eegulo kii (/kii kii)? |
eegulo … |
|
Those [are] … Ce
[sont des]… |
|
|
|
What is today? |
|
aaj-ke kii? |
aaj-ke … |
|
Today [is]… |
|
|
|
What is this time period? |
|
e kaal kii? |
e kaal … |
|
This time period [is]… |
[Go to Grammar 1
Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
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EXERCISE 1.5
EXERCICE 1.5
You can make plural
pronouns out of singular pronouns. They end in ‘-raa’, but slight changes to
the stem are needed for some of these.
On peut transformer les pronoms singuliers en pluriel. On ajoute la terminaison “-raa”, mais on
modifie parfois le radical.
Follow this
pattern:- Suivre ce modèle:-
Example |
|
Answer |
“taa” |
|
“taaraa” |
Make plurals
of these:- Construire le pluriel de ces pronoms:-
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
||||
I |
je |
aami |
|
we |
nous |
aamaraa |
you |
tu |
tumi |
|
YOU |
VOUS |
tomaraa |
he, she |
il,
elle |
se |
|
they |
ils,
elles |
taaraa |
it |
cela |
taa |
|
they |
ceux |
taaraa |
you |
vous |
aapani |
|
YOU |
VOUS |
aapanaaraa |
he, she |
il, elle |
tini |
|
they |
ILS, ELLES |
taa^raa |
[Go to Grammar 1
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EXERCISE 1.6
EXERCICE 1.6
You can make singular
pronouns out of plural ones.
On peut transformer les pronoms pluriels en singulier.
Follow this
pattern:- Suivre ce modèle:-
Example |
|
Answer |
“taaraa” |
|
“se” / “taa” |
Make singular
pronouns out of these:-
Construire le singulier de ces pronoms:-
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
||||
we |
nous |
aamaraa |
|
I |
je |
aami |
YOU |
VOUS |
tomaraa |
|
you |
tu |
tumi |
they |
ils,
elles |
taaraa |
|
he, she |
il,
elle |
se |
they |
ceux |
taaraa |
|
it |
cela |
taa |
YOU |
VOUS |
aapanaaraa |
|
you |
vous |
aapani |
they |
ils, elles |
taa^raa |
|
he, she |
il, elle |
tini |
[Go to Grammar 1
Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
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EXERCISE 1.7
EXERCICE 1.7
You can make plurals
of personal nouns by adding “-raa” after a vowel or “-eraa” after a consonant.
On peut construire le pluriel des pronoms personnels en ajoutant “-raa”
après une voyelle ou “-eraa” après une consonne.
Follow these
patterns:- Suivre ce modèle:-
Example |
|
Answer |
“bandhu” |
|
“bandhuraa” |
“bon” |
|
“boneraa” |
Make plurals out
of these nouns:
Construire le pluriel de ces noms:-
(friend; brother;
daughter; Bengali; witness; sister; man; people/person; Englishman)
(ami; frère; fille; Bengali; témoin; sœur; homme; gens; anglais)
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
bandhu |
|
bandhu-raa |
bhaai |
|
bhaai-eraa |
meye |
|
meye-raa |
baan¹gaalii |
|
baan¹gaalii-raa |
saaksii |
|
saaksii-raa |
bon |
|
bon-eraa |
maanus |
|
maanus-eraa |
lok |
|
lok-eraa |
in°rej |
|
in°rej-eraa |
[Go to Grammar 1
Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
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EXERCISE 1.8
EXERCICE 1.8
You can make plural non-personal
nouns by adding “-gulo” (or “-guli”) to their singular form.
On peut construire le pluriel des noms non-personnels en ajoutant
“-gulo” (ou “-guli”) après la forme singulière.
Follow this
pattern:- Suivre ce modèle:-
Example |
|
Answer |
“prashna” |
|
“prashnagulo” |
Make plurals
of these:-
Construire le pluriel de ces noms:-
(question;
war; picture; meeting; day; family; life; Bible; answer)
(question; guerre; image; réunion; jour; famille; vie; Bible; réponse)
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
prashna |
|
prashna-gulo |
yuddha |
|
yuddha-gulo |
chabi |
|
chabi-gulo |
sabhaa |
|
sabhaa-gulo |
din |
|
din-gulo |
parivaar |
|
parivaar-gulo |
jiiban |
|
jiiban-gulo |
baaibel |
|
baaibel-gulo |
uttar |
|
uttar-gulo |
[Go to Grammar 1
Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
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EXERCISE 1.9
EXERCICE 1.9
Learn the days
of the week.
Apprendre les jours de la semaine
[Grammar 1.4.8
Grammaire 1.4.8] [Vocabulary Vocabulaire]
[Go to Grammar 1 Grammaire 1] [Exercice 1]
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|
|
|
|
|
Follow this
pattern for the verb “karaa”:-
Suivre ce modèle pour le verbe “karaa”:-
Example |
|
Answer |
“I did” |
|
“aami kar-laam” |
Translate
these examples:- Traduire ces exemples:-
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
I did |
|
aami kar-laam |
tumi kar-le |
|
you did |
he did |
|
tini kar-len |
aamaraa kar_i |
|
we do |
she does |
|
se kar_e |
aapani kar_en |
|
you do |
he will do |
|
tini kar-ben |
you will do |
|
tumi kar-be |
iishvar kar-ben |
|
God will do |
The boy will do |
|
chele kar-be |
ke kar-be? |
|
who will do? |
we will do |
|
aamaraa kar-bo |
[Go to Grammar 2 Grammaire 2] [Exercice 2]
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Learn some of
the verbs patterned like ‘kar_aa’
Apprendre des verbes qui suivent le modèle de ‘kar_aa’
Follow this
pattern for other verbs like “karaa”:-
Suivre ce modèle pour d’autres verbes comme “karaa”:-
Example |
|
Answer |
“I speak” |
|
“aami bali” |
Translate
these examples:- Traduire ces exemples:-
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
I speak |
|
aami bal_i |
se bal-lo |
|
he said |
You understand |
|
aapani bujh_en |
He will come |
|
se aas-be |
aapani aas-len |
|
you came |
se par-lo |
|
he read / he did read |
Peace will come |
|
shaanti aas-be |
taaraa dekh-lo |
|
they saw |
aamaraa
dekh-bo |
|
we will see |
God knows |
|
iishvar jaan_en |
We will bring ... |
|
aamaraa la-bo |
taaraa maar-e |
|
they hit / strike |
He died |
|
se mar-lo |
YOU will see! |
|
tomaraa dekh-be! |
aami dekh-laam |
|
I saw |
kii aas-be? |
|
what will come? |
[Go to Grammar 2
Grammaire 2] [Exercice 2]
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EXERCISE 2.4
EXERCICE 2.4
Learn some of
the verbs patterned like “la-oyaa”.
Apprendre des verbes qui suivent le modèle de “la-oyaa”
Follow this
pattern for verbs like “la-oyaa”:-
Suivre ce modèle pour d’autres verbes comme “la-oyaa”:-
Example |
|
Answer |
“We lead” |
|
“aamaraa la-i” |
Translate
these examples:- Traduire ces exemples:-
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
We lead/take |
|
aamaraa la-i |
kii ha-lo? |
|
What happened? |
They led/took |
|
taaraa ni-lo |
se aamaar bandhu na-y. |
|
He is not mon friend. |
aami la-bo |
|
I will bring. |
You are not my boy. |
|
tumi aamaar chele na-o. |
He proves to be … |
|
se … ha-y |
tini taader bandhu na-n. |
|
He is not their friend. |
aami iishvar na-i |
|
I am not God. |
bai baaibel. |
|
The book [is] the Bible. |
God is (exists). |
|
iishvar aach-en. |
It is not this. |
|
e na-y. |
ee nay. |
|
It is not that [one]. |
satya aach_e. |
|
It [is] truth. |
I am |
|
aami aach_i |
kii aach_e? |
|
What is it? |
tumi chi-le |
|
you were |
It will be |
|
ha-be / taa ha-be |
I was [there] |
|
aami [okhaane] chi-laam |
[Go to Grammar 2
Grammaire 2] [Exercice 2]
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EXERCISE 2.5
EXERCICE 2.5
The verbs “de-oyaa”
and “ne-oyaa” are mainly like “la-oyaa” but show some exceptions.
Les verbes “de-oyaa” et “ne-oyaa” sont pour la plupart comme “la-oyaa”,
mais il y a quelques exceptions.
Follow this
pattern for verbs like “de-oyaa”:-
Suivre ce modèle pour les verbes comme “de-oyaa”:-
Example |
|
Answer |
“You give” |
|
“tumi deo” |
Translate
these examples:- Traduire ces exemples:-
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
You give |
|
tumi de-o |
I will give |
|
aami di-bo |
aami ni-laam |
|
I took |
he will give |
|
tini di-ben |
aami ne-i |
|
I take |
YOU will take |
|
aapanaaraa ni-ben |
se ne-y |
|
he takes |
I take |
|
aami ne-i |
she gives |
|
tini ne-n |
They give |
|
taaraa de-y |
[Go to Grammar 2
Grammaire 2] [Exercice 2]
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EXERCISE 2.6
EXERCICE 2.6
Learn some of
the verbs patterned like “khaa-oyaa”.
Apprendre des verbes qui suivent le modèle de “khaa-oyaa”.
Remember the
irregular past of “yaaoyaa”.
Souvenez-vous du temps au passé irregulier de “yaaoyaa”.
Follow this
pattern for verbs like “khaa-oyaa”:-
Suivre ce modèle pour les verbes comme “khaa-oyaa”.
Example |
|
Answer |
“I eat” |
|
“aami khaa-i” |
Translate
these examples:- Traduire ces exemples:-
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
I eat |
|
aami khaa-i |
you ate |
|
tumi khe-le |
he will eat |
|
se khaa-be |
aapani khaa-n |
|
you eat |
se khe-lo |
|
he / she ate |
se yaa-y |
|
he / she goes |
YOU go |
|
tomaraa yaa-o |
tini yaa-ben |
|
he / she will go |
he will go |
|
se yaa-be |
he wanted |
|
se caa-i-lo |
aami paa-i |
|
I get / I receive |
we got |
|
aamaraa pe-laam |
aapani paa-n |
|
you get / you receive vous recevez |
you went |
|
tumi ge-le |
he/she went |
|
se ge-lo |
I went |
|
aami ge-laam |
aapani ge-len |
|
you went |
we go |
|
aamaraa yaa-i |
tumi yaa-o |
|
you go |
we will sing |
|
aamaraa gaa-bo |
they will sing |
|
taaraa gaa-be |
aami caa-i |
|
I want |
he wants |
|
se caa-y |
tumi pe-le |
|
you got / you received |
they get |
|
taaraa paa-y |
tini caa-n |
|
he / she wants |
[Go to Grammar 2
Grammaire 2] [Exercice 2]
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EXERCISE 2.7
EXERCICE 2.7
Learn some of
the verbs patterned like “ghumaano”.
Apprendre des verbes qui suivent le modèle de “ghumaano”.
Follow this
pattern for verbs like “ghumaano”:-
Suivre ce modèle pour les verbes comme “ghumaano”.
Example |
|
Answer |
“We slept” |
|
“aamaraa ghumaa-laam” |
Translate
these examples:- Traduire ces exemples:-
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
we slept |
|
aamaraa ghumaa-laam |
tumi ghumaa-le |
|
you slept |
he slept |
|
se ghumaa-lo |
aapani ghumaa-len |
|
you slept |
I sleep |
|
aami ghumaa-i |
se ghumaa-y |
|
he sleeps |
kaa^raa daa^raa-n? |
|
WHO stand? |
aamaraa daa^raa-i |
|
we stand |
taaraa dooraa-y |
|
they run |
they show |
|
taaraa dekhaa-y |
ke ghumaa-lo |
|
Who slept? |
he stood |
|
se daa^raa-lo |
tini dekhaa-len |
|
he showed |
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EXERCISE 2.8
EXERCICE 2.8
You can form the
negative of a future or present action by adding “naa” after the verb.
On peut construire le négatif d’une action au présent ou au
futur en ajoutant le mot “naa” après le verbe.
Follow this
pattern:-
Suivre ce modèle.
Example |
|
Answer |
“aamaraa gaabo” |
|
“aamaraa gaabo naa” |
Give the
negative of these examples:-
Donner le négatif de ces exemples:-
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
|
we will sing |
aamaraa gaa-bo |
aamaraa gaa-bo naa |
|
we go |
aamaraa yaa-i |
|
aamaraa yaa-i naa |
you go |
tumi yaa-o |
|
tumi yaa-o naa |
I want |
aami caa-i |
|
aami caa-i naa |
they will sing |
taaraa gaa-be |
|
taaraa gaa-be naa |
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EXERCISE 2.9
EXERCICE 2.9
You can form the
negative of a past action by adding “ni” after the present tense of the
verb. “ni” can be attached to the verb
or independent.
On peut construire le négatif d’une action au passé en ajoutant
“ni” après le temps présent du verbe.
“ni” peut être joint au verbe ou indépendent.
Follow this
pattern:-
Suivre ce modèle.
Example |
|
Answer |
(“We went” “Nous allions”) |
|
(“We did not go” “Nous n’allions
pas”) |
Give the
negative of these examples:-
Donner le négatif de ces exemples:-
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
|
we went |
aamaraa ge-laam |
aamaraa yaa-i ni |
|
you went |
tumi ge-le |
|
tumi yaa-o ni |
I wanted |
aami caa-ilaam |
|
aami caa-i ni |
they sang |
taaraa gaa-ilo |
|
taaraa gaa-y ni |
he did |
se kar-lo |
|
se kar_e ni |
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EXERCISE 2.10
EXERCICE 2.10
You can form
compound verbs by combining a noun with an auxilliary verb like “karaa”.
On peut former des verbes composés par la combinaison d’un nom avec
l’action d’un verbe auxiliaire comme “karaa”.
Follow this
pattern:-
Suivre ce modèle:-
Example |
|
Answer |
“We believed” |
|
“aamaraa bishvaas kar-laam” |
Translate
these examples:-
Traduire ces exemples:-
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
We believed. |
|
aamaraa bishvaas |
He loved. |
|
se prem kar-lo. |
aapani prem kar_en |
|
you love |
I forget |
|
aami bhule yaa-i |
se bhule yaa-y |
|
he forgets |
kaaraa prem kar_e? |
|
WHO love? |
tini srristi kar-len |
|
He created |
He creates |
|
tini srristi kar_en |
He/She/It encourages |
|
se ut`saahita kar_e |
ke ghumaa-lo? |
|
Who slept? |
he thought |
|
se mane kar-lo |
se dhvan°sa kar_e |
|
he destroys |
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EXERCISE
2.11 EXERCICE 2.11
You can form
compound verbs by combining two verbs.
One looks like the present participle, with “-te” added after its verb
stem. The other verb acts as an
auxilliary verb.
On peut former des verbes composés par la combinaison de deux
verbes. Une partie ressemble à un
participe présent avec “-te” ajouté après le radical du verbe. L’autre sert de verbe auxiliare.
Follow this
pattern for “paaraa” “to be able to”:-
Suivre ce modèle pour “paaraa” “pouvoir”:-
Example |
|
Answer |
“I can do” |
|
“aami kar-te paari” |
Translate
these examples:-
Traduire ces exemples:-
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
I can do |
|
aami kar-te paar_i |
tumi kar-te paar_o |
|
you can do |
He can do. |
|
se kar-te paar_e |
tumi dekh-te paar_o |
|
you can see |
aapani dekh-te paar_en |
|
you can see |
You can
know |
|
aapani jaan-te paar_en |
They can know |
|
taaraa jaan-te paar_e |
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EXERCISE 2.12
EXERCICE 2.12
You can form
compound verbs by combining two verbs.
One looks like the present participle, with “-te” added after its verb
stem. The other verb acts as an
auxilliary verb.
On peut former des verbes composés par la combinaison de deux
verbes. Une partie ressemble à un
participe présent avec “-te” ajouté après le radical du verbe. L’autre sert de verbe auxiliare.
Follow this
pattern for “caaoyaa” (~“chaawaa”) “to want to”:-
Suivre ce modèle pour “caaoyaa” (~“chaawaa”) “vouloir”:-
Example |
|
Answer |
“I want to see” |
|
“aami dekh-te caa-i” |
Translate
these examples:-
Traduire ces exemples:-
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
I want to see. |
|
aami dekh-te caa-i |
se dekh-te caa-y. |
|
he wants to see |
We want to see. |
|
aamaraa dekh-te caa-i |
taaraa par-te
caa-i-lo. |
|
they wanted to read |
aamaraa
shun-te caa-i-laam. |
|
we wanted to listen |
YOU want to speak. |
|
tomaraa bal-te caa-o |
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EXERCISE
2.13 EXERCICE 2.13
Here is some further practice of affirmative and negative forms.
Voir ci-après de l’entrainement
supplémentaire des formes affirmatives et négatives.
(See; eat; go; sleep…)
(voir; manger; dormir…)
|
Present Présent |
Past Passé |
||
Infinitive Infinitif |
Affirmative Affirmatif |
Negative Négatif |
Affirmative Affirmatif |
Negative Négatif |
dekhaa |
dekhi |
dekhi naa |
dekh-laam |
dekhi ni |
khaaoyaa |
khaai |
khaai naa |
dekh-laam |
khaai ni |
yaaoyaa |
yaai |
yaai naa |
gelaam |
yaai ni |
ghumaano |
ghumaai |
ghumaai naa |
kar-laam |
ghumaai ni |
dekhaa |
dekho |
dekho naa |
dekh-le |
dekho ni |
khaaoyaa |
khaao |
khaao naa |
jaan-le |
khaao ni |
ghumaano |
ghumaao |
ghumaao naa |
bujh-le |
ghumaao ni |
dekhaa |
dekhe |
dekhe naa |
dekh-lo |
dekhe ni |
khaaoyaa |
khaay |
khaay naa |
shun-lo |
khaay ni |
yaaoyaa |
yaay |
yaay naa |
gela |
yaa-y ni |
ghumaano |
ghumaay |
ghumaay naa |
bujh-lo |
ghumaay ni |
bujhaa |
bujhen |
bujhen naa |
bujh-len |
bujhen ni |
karaa |
karen |
karen naa |
kar-len |
karen ni |
khaaoyaa |
khaan |
khaan naa |
khelen |
khaan ni |
yaaoyaa |
yaan |
yaan naa |
gelen |
yaa-n ni |
ghumaano |
ghumaan |
ghumaan naa |
ghumaalen |
ghumaan ni |
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EXERCISE 2.14
EXERCICE 2.14
Follow this
pattern for “aami”:-
Suivre ce modèle pour “aami”
“je”:-
Example |
|
Answer |
“bujhaa” |
|
“aami bujhi” |
Give the
present tense for “aami” for each of these verbs:-
Donner le temps présent pour “aami” pour chacun des verbes ci-après:-
(Understand; see; do; get)
(Comprendre, voir, faire, obtenir)
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
Verb |
|
aami … |
bujhaa |
bujhi |
|
dekhaa |
|
dekhi |
karaa |
|
kari |
paaoyaa |
|
paai |
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EXERCISE 2.15
EXERCICE 2.15
Follow this
pattern for “aami” to make the negative:-
Suivre ce modèle pour “aami” pour construire le négatif:-
Example |
|
Answer |
“bujhaa” |
|
“aami bujhi naa” |
Give the
negative in the present tense for “aami” for the following verbs:-
Donner le négatif au temps présent pour “aami” pour les verbes
ci-après:-
(Understand; see; do; get)
(Comprendre, voir, faire,
obtenir)
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
Verb |
|
aami |
bujhaa |
bujhi naa |
|
dekhaa |
|
dekhi naa |
karaa |
|
kari naa |
paaoyaa |
|
paai naa |
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EXERCISE 2.16
EXERCICE 2.16
Follow this
pattern for “aami” in the past tense:-
Suivre ce modèle pour “aami” au temps passé:-
Example |
|
Answer |
“bujhaa” |
|
“aami bujh-laam” |
Give the past
tense for “aami” for each of these verbs:-
Donner le temps passé pour “aami” pour chacun des verbes ci-après:-
(Understand; see; do; get)
(Comprendre, voir, faire,
obtenir)
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
Verb |
|
aami … |
bujhaa |
bujh-laam |
|
dekhaa |
|
dekh-laam |
karaa |
|
kar-laam |
paaoyaa |
|
pelaam |
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EXERCISE 2.17
EXERCICE 2.17
To make the Past
Negative, use the Present Affirmative and add “ni”. “ni” can be attached to the verb or
independent.
Pour construire le temps passé au négatif on ajoute “ni” après le
présent à l’affirmatif. “ni” peut être
joint au verbe ou indépendent.
Follow this
pattern for “aami” to make the past negative:-
Suivre ce modèle pour “aami” pour construire le passé au négatif:-
Example |
|
Answer |
“bujhilaam” |
|
“aami bujhi ni” |
Give the
negative in the past tense for “aami” for the following verbs:-
Donner le négatif au temps passé pour “aami” pour les verbes ci-après:-
(I
understood; I saw; I did; I got)
(Je comprenais; je voyais; je faisais; j’obtenais)
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
bujh-laam |
bujhi ni |
|
dekh-laam |
|
dekhi ni |
kar-laam |
|
kari ni |
pelaam |
|
paai ni |
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EXERCISE 2.18
EXERCICE 2.18
The negative of a
future action is made by adding “naa”.
On construit le négatif d’une action au futur en ajoutant
“naa”.
Follow this
pattern to make the future negative:-
Suivre ce modèle pour construire le futur au négatif:-
Example |
|
Answer |
“aami kar-bo” |
|
“aami kar-bo naa” |
Give the
negative for the following examples:-
Donner le négatif des exemples ci-après:-
(I will do; he will see; it will happen; you will know)
(Je ferai; il verra; il aura lieu; vous saurez)
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
aami kar-bo |
aami kar-bo naa |
|
se dekh-be |
|
se dekh-be naa |
taa ghat-be |
|
taa ghat-be naa |
aapani jaanen |
|
aapani jaanen naa |
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EXERCISE 2.19
EXERCICE 2.19
The same method is
used for other persons in the singular and plural.
On emploie la même méthode pour les autres personnes au singulier et au
pluriel.
Give the
negative for each of the following examples:-
Donner le négatif pour chacun des exemples ci-après:-
(You do; you saw; you hear; he comes; I heard; you want;
he came; it will be; you slept; I will stand; it can be; he goes; you
went)
(Tu fais; tu voyais; tu
entends; j’entendais; tu veux; il venait; il sera; vous dormiez; je resterai
debout; il peut être; il va; tu allais)
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
tumi karo |
tumi karo naa |
|
tumi dekh-le |
tumi dekho ni |
|
tumi shuno |
tumi shuno naa |
|
se aase |
se aase naa |
|
aami shun-laam |
|
aami shuni ni |
tumi caao |
|
tumi caao naa |
se aas-lo |
|
se aase ni |
taa habe |
|
taa habe naa |
aapani ghumaalen |
|
aapani ghumaan ni |
aami daa^raabo |
|
aami daa^raabo naa |
taa hate paare |
|
taa hate paare naa |
se yaay |
|
se yaay ni |
tumi gele |
|
tumi yaao ni |
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EXERCISE 2.20
EXERCICE 2.20
There are some
special cases for ‘not being’.
Il y a des cas spéciaux pour
‘ne pas être’.
Construct the
negative of the following affirmative examples:-
Construire le négatif des exemples à l’affirmatif ci-après:-
(I am; you are; he is; you
are… I was; you were; he was; you were)
(Je suis; tu es; il est;
vous êtes… j’étais; tu étais; il était; vous étiez)
Present Présent |
|
Past Passé |
||
Affirmative Affirmatif |
Negative Négatif |
|
Affirmative Affirmatif |
Negative Négatif |
aami aacchi / hai |
nai |
|
chilaam |
hai ni |
tumi aacho / hao |
nao |
|
chile |
hao ni |
se aache / hay |
nay |
|
chilo |
hay ni |
aapani aachen / han |
nan |
|
chilen |
han ni |
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EXERCISE 2.21
EXERCICE 2.21
There are some
special cases for ‘not being’.
Il y a des cas spéciaux pour
‘ne pas être’.
Invert the
affirmative or negative form of these examples:-
Invertir l’affirmatif ou le négatif des exemples ci-après:-
(I am not; he was; you were not; I am (prove to
be); I am; YOU are not; we were)
(Je ne suis pas; il était; vous n’étiez pas; je suis (je deviens); je
suis; VOUS n’êtes pas; nous étions)
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
aami nai |
|
aami aachi |
se chilo |
se hai ni |
|
aapani han ni |
|
aapani chilen |
aami hai |
|
aami nai |
aami aachi |
|
aami nai |
tomaraa nao |
|
tomaraa aacho |
aamaraa chilaam |
|
aamaraa hai ni |
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EXERCISE 2.22
EXERCICE 2.22
The following
examples and answers provide a summary of Exercises 2.13 – 2.21. Give the Present Affirmative and the Past
Negative to complete the table.
Les exemples et solutions donnés ci-après résument des Exercices 2.13—2.21. Donner le présent affirmatif et le passé
négatif pour remplir le tableau.
|
EXAMPLES EX-EMPLES |
|
EXAMPLES EX-EMPLES |
|
ANSWERS SOLU-TIONS |
ANSWERS SOLU-TIONS |
To … / Infinitive Infinitif |
Present Affirmative Présent Affirmatif |
Past Affirmative Passé Affirmatif |
Past Negative Passé |
|
(does …) (fait…) |
(didn't …) (ne faisait
pas…) |
|
aami |
|||||
par_aa |
par_i |
par-laam |
par_i ni |
|
par_i |
par_i ni |
dekh_aa |
? |
dekh-laam |
? |
|
dekh_i |
dekh_i ni |
kar_aa |
? |
kar-laam |
? |
|
kar_i |
kar_i ni |
|
tumi |
|||||
shun_aa |
shun_o |
shun-le |
shun_o ni |
|
shun_o |
shun_o ni |
jaan_aa |
? |
jaan-le |
? |
|
jaan_o |
jaan_o ni |
bujh_aa |
? |
bujh-le |
? |
|
bujh_o |
bujh_o ni |
aas_aa |
? |
aas-le |
? |
|
aas_o |
aas_o ni |
|
se |
|||||
dekh_aa |
dekh_e |
dekh-lo |
dekh_e ni |
|
dekh_e |
dekh_e ni |
shun_aa |
? |
shun-lo |
? |
|
shun_e |
shun_e ni |
bujh_aa |
? |
bujh-lo |
? |
|
bujh_e |
bujh_e ni |
yaa-oyaa |
yaa-y |
ge-lo |
yaa-y ni |
|
yaa-y |
yaa-y ni |
paa-oyaa |
? |
pe-lo |
? |
|
paa-y |
paa-y ni |
gaa-oyaa |
? |
gaa-i-lo |
? |
|
gaa-y |
gaa-y ni |
|
aapani, tini |
|||||
bujh_aa |
bujh_en |
bujh-len |
bujh_en ni |
|
bujh_en |
bujh_en ni |
kar_aa |
? |
kar-len |
? |
|
kar_en |
kar_en ni |
par_aa |
? |
par-len |
? |
|
par-en |
par_en ni |
yaa-oyaa |
yaa-n |
ge-len |
yaa-n ni |
|
yaa-n |
yaa_n ni |
paa-oyaa |
? |
pe-len |
? |
|
paa-n |
paa-n ni |
khaa-oyaa |
? |
khe-len |
? |
|
khaa-n |
khaa-n ni |
ghum_aa-no |
ghum_aa-n |
ghum_aa-len |
ghum_aa-n ni |
|
ghum_aa-n |
ghum_aa-n ni |
door_aa-no |
? |
door_aa-len |
? |
|
door_aa-n |
door_aa-n
ni |
dekh_aa-no |
? |
dekh_aa-len |
? |
|
dekh_aa-n |
dekh_aa-n ni |
kar_aa-no |
? |
kar_aa-len |
? |
|
kar_aa-n |
kar_aa-n ni |
jaan_aa-no |
? |
jaan_aa-len |
? |
|
jaan_aa-n |
jaan_aa-n ni |
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EXERCISE 2.23
EXERCICE 2.23
Invert the
affirmative or negative form of these examples:-
Invertir l’affirmatif ou le négatif des exemples ci-après:-
(I am fine;
I’m happy; I am bad; you are well; you are bad; you are good; that’s true;
that’s false; that’s righteous; you are very big; you are
violent; you are important; we are the smallest; they are peaceful; you
are my boy; he is your boy; those are better; it is possible; he is very sorry;
YOU are pleased)
(Je suis bien; je suis heureux; je suis mauvais; tu es en bonne
santé; tu es méchant; tu es bon; cela est vrai;cela est faux; cela est juste;
vous êtes très grand; vous êtes violent; vous êtes important; nous sommes les
plus petits; ils sont pacifiques; tu es mon garçon; il est ton garçon; ceux
sont mieux; c’est possible; il est très désolé; VOUS êtes contents)
AFFIRMATIVE AFFIRMATIF |
|
NEGATIVE NÉGATIF |
aami
bhaalo [ ] |
|
aami
bhaalo nai |
aami
sukhii [ ] |
|
aami
sukhii nai |
aami
manda [ ] |
|
aami
manda nai |
tumi
asustha [ ] |
|
tumi
asustha nao |
tumi
khaaraap [ ] |
|
tumi
khaaraap nao |
tumi
bhaalo [ ] |
|
tumi
bhaalo nao |
taa
satya [ ] |
|
taa
satya nay |
taa
bhul [ ] |
|
taa
bhul nay |
taa
dhaarmik [ ] |
|
taa
dhaarmik nay |
aapani
khub bara [ ] |
|
aapani
khub bara nan |
aapani
hin°sra [ ] |
|
aapani
hin°sra nan |
aapani
gurutvapuurna [ ] |
|
aapani
gurutvapuurna nan |
|
|
|
aamaraa
sab ceye chotta [ ] |
|
aamaraa
sab ceye chotta nai |
taaraa
shaantipuurna [ ] |
|
taaraa
shaatipuurna nay |
tumi
aamaar chele [ ] |
|
tumi
aamaar chele nao |
se
tomaar chele [ ] |
|
se
tomaar chele nay |
ee-gulo
aar-o bhaala [ ] |
|
ee-gulo
aar-o bhaala nay |
taa
sambhab |
|
taa
sambhab nay |
se
khub duhhakhita |
|
se
khub duhhakhita nay |
tomaraa
aanandita |
|
tomaraa
aanandita nao |
[Go to Grammar 2
Grammaire 2] [Exercice 2]
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EXERCISE 2.24
EXERCICE 2.24
The verb form for
“does not exist” is “nei”.
Le mot “nei” exprime “n’existe pas”.
The Sadhu form of
“nei” is “naai”.
Dans le style Sadhu “nei” est “naai”.
Invert the
affirmative or negative form of these examples:-
Invertir l’affirmatif ou le négatif des exemples ci-après:-
(There is a
book; there is love; there is no peace; there is hope; there is no freedom)
(Il existe un livre; il y a de l’amour; il n’y a pas de paix; il y a
de l’espoir; la liberté n’existe pas)
EXAMPLES EXEMPLES |
|
ANSWERS SOLUTIONS |
… exists …existe |
… exists
not …n’existe
pas |
|
bai
aache |
bai nei |
|
prem aache |
prem nei |
|
shaanti nei |
shaanti aache |
|
aashaa aache |
aashaa nei |
|
mukti nei |
mukti aache |
[Go to Grammar 2
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EXERCISE 2.25
EXERCICE 2.25
The verb form like
“karaa” is sometimes referred to as the Infinitive. We can call it the Identifying Verbal
Noun. This form is often used as a
(gerundive) noun.
La forme verbale comme “karaa” s’appelle parfois l’infinitif. Nous allons l’appeler “Nom Verbale
Identificatif”. Cette forme s’emploie
souvent comme substantif (gérondif).
Translate
these examples:-
Traduire les exemples ci-après:-
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
To work is necessary |
|
kaaj karaa dar-kaar |
paraa darakaar |
|
To read [is] necessary Lire [est] nécessaire |
shunaa gurutvapuurna |
|
To listen [is] important Entendre [est] important |
ghrrinaa karaa
khaaraap |
|
To hate [is] bad Haïr [est] mauvais |
To come here [is] impossible Venire ici [est] impossible |
|
ekhaane aasaa asambhab |
satya balaa bhaala |
|
To say the truth [is] good Dire la vérité [est] bon |
To say this is possible Dire ceci [est] possible |
|
e balaa sambhab |
To read is peaceful Lire [est] pacifique |
|
paraa shaantipuurna |
taa balaa thik na-y |
|
To
say that is not correct. Dire cela n’est pas correcte |
thik aache? |
|
Is it O.K.? Est-ce vrai? |
[Go to Grammar 2 Grammaire 2] [Exercice 2]
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EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
I spoke to the man |
|
aami maanus-ke
bal-laam. |
taaraa ee striike bal-lo. |
|
They spoke to that woman. |
He saw the woman. |
|
se
strii(-ke) dekh-lo. |
The father of the man |
|
maanuser baabaa |
bhaaier ghar |
|
the brother's house |
iishvar_er
bara uddeshya |
|
God's great purpose |
You gave to the wrong man. |
|
tumi bhul maanus-ke
dile. |
It helps me. |
|
taa aamaake saahaayya
kare |
Please show
him. |
|
dayaa kare taake dekhaao. |
aami taa chotta
meyeke dilaam. |
|
I
gave it to the little girl. |
They went to the leader. |
|
taaraa netaar kaace gela. |
I heard through the big
man. |
|
aami bara maanus
dvaaraa shun-laam. |
chele pitaa dvaaraa shikhe. |
|
The son learns through the father. |
We get life through whom? |
|
aamaraa kaa^r dvaaraa
jiiban paai? |
[Go to Grammar 3
Grammaire 3] [Exercice 3]
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Convert
the examples in the previous exercise to plural.
Transformer les exemples ci-après au pluriel.
[Go to Grammar 3
Grammaire 3] [Exercice 3]
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Liste de Matières]
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
He read (the) book [past tense] |
|
se
bai par-lo |
tumi bai nile. |
|
You took the book. |
They learned the message |
|
taaraa san°baad shikh-lo. |
I know the name of the book |
|
aami baier naam jaani |
tumi baariir naam
jaano |
|
You know the house's name |
He saw the peace of the people. |
|
Taa loker shaanti dekh-lo. |
The girl gave a name to the
animal. |
|
meye pashuke naam dilo. |
tumi phul-ke paani dile? |
|
Did you give water to the flower? |
I gave some food to the dog |
|
aami kukur-ke kicchu
khaadya dilaam. |
We heard it through the message. |
|
aamaraa san°baad dvaaraa
taa shun-laam. |
taaraa kaaj dvaaraa shikhe |
|
They learn through work. |
I knew through the war. |
|
aami yuddha dvaaraa
jaan-laam. |
They went through the hall. |
|
taaraa hal diye gela. |
taa ghar diye aas-lo. |
|
It came through (or by way of) the
house. |
We will come by way of the
meeting. |
|
aamaraa sabhaa diye aas-bo. |
They get knowledge from the Bible. |
|
taaraa baaibel theke
jnaan (~“guiaan”) paay. |
aamaraa yuddha theke
shaantir abhaab paai. |
|
We get a lack of peace from war. |
He gets encouragement from the
picture. |
|
Se chabi theke ut`saaha
paai. |
In this time (we) see disturbance. |
|
e kaale (aamaraa) ashaanti
dekhi. |
ee baarii-te aamaar bhaai. |
|
In that house [is] my brother. |
In that religion is much war. |
|
ee dharme anek yuddha
aache. |
I will walk among the flowers. |
|
aami phul-gulor madhye
yaabo |
baigulor madhye chaabi-gulo
aache. |
|
Within [the] books [there] are
keys. |
He went among the animals. |
|
Se pashuder madhye gela |
[Go to Grammar 3
Grammaire 3] [Exercice 3]
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Convert the
examples in the previous exercise to plural or to singular.
Transformer les exemples ci-dessus au pluriel ou au singulier.
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
most possible |
|
sab ceye sambhab |
sab ceye khaaraap |
|
worst / most bad |
most unrighteous |
|
sab ceye adhaarmik |
biggest |
|
sab ceye bara |
sab ceye dhaarmik |
|
most righteous |
more peaceful |
|
aar-o shaantipuurna |
aar-o shaanti |
|
more peace |
aar-o manda |
|
more bad / worse |
more happy |
|
aar-o aanandita |
aar-o bara |
|
bigger / more big |
smaller |
|
aar-o chotta |
more well, better |
|
aar-o bhaala |
less peaceful |
|
kam shaantipuurna |
kam dhaarmik |
|
less righteous |
less happy |
|
kam aanandita |
[Go to Grammar 3
Grammaire 3] [Exercice 3]
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Make a
list of pairs of words of opposite meanings.
Préparer une liste de paires de mots de sens contraires.
[Go to Grammar 4
Grammaire 4] [Exercice 4]
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EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
possible problem |
|
sambhab samasyaa |
three good days |
|
tin bhaala din |
ek manda dharma |
|
a bad religion |
false religion |
|
bhul dharma |
much violence |
|
anek hin°saa |
aagaamii bat`sar |
|
next year |
impossible day |
|
asambhab din |
punahh saaksaat` |
|
return visit |
aagaamii adhyayan |
|
next study |
previous verse |
|
puurbiiya pad |
all big trees |
|
sab bara gaach |
taaraa bara lok |
|
they are big people |
everlasting life |
|
ananta jiiban |
happy woman |
|
sukhii strii |
prem-puurna bhaai |
|
loving brother |
brother and sister |
|
bhaaibon |
pitaamaataa |
|
parents |
baabaamaa |
|
mother and father |
unrighteous leader |
|
adhaarmik netaa |
seven days |
|
saat din |
mukti sannikat |
|
freedom [is] near at hand |
chotta chotta
phal |
|
little fruits |
big houses |
|
bara bara baarii |
aashaa nei. |
|
there is no hope |
There is no hope |
|
aashaa nei |
shaanti nei. |
|
there is no peace |
There is no
food. |
|
khaadya nei |
[Go to Grammar 4
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EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
my name |
|
aamaar naam |
their disturbance |
|
taader ashaanti |
taader ghrrinaa |
|
their hatred |
taa^r prem |
|
his / her love |
taar asustha maa |
|
his / her unwell mother |
aamaader bishvaas |
|
our faith |
some true words |
|
kicchu satya katha |
our purpose |
|
aamaader uddeshya |
His name |
|
taa^r naam |
taar samasyaa |
|
his / her problem |
[Go to Grammar 4
Grammaire 4] [Exercice 4]
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EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
God's name |
|
iishvarer naam |
jiishur san°baad |
|
Jesus' message |
son of Abraham |
|
abraahaamer putra |
baabaar kaaj |
|
father's work |
iishvarer bai |
|
God's book |
tumi kaar chele? |
|
Whose son [are] you? |
lack of hope |
|
aashaar abhaab |
shaantir aatmaa |
|
spirit of peace |
my salvation |
|
aamaar paritraan |
aamaar boner prem |
|
my sister's love |
my wife's brother |
|
aamaar striir bhaai |
shaantir abhaab |
|
lack of peace |
[Go to Grammar 4
Grammaire 4] [Exercice 4]
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Convert
the examples in the previous exercise to plural.
Transformez les exemples ci-dessus au pluriel.
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
God's world of peace |
|
iishvarer shaantir jagat` |
his sister's house |
|
taar boner baarii |
e jagater shes |
|
this world's end |
e maanuser striir
pitaamaataa |
|
this man's wife's parents |
message of God's kingdom |
|
iishvarer raajyer san°baad |
message of real hope |
|
prakrrita aashaar san°baad |
taa^r bhaalo aatmaar phal |
|
his / her good spirit's fruit |
message of peace |
|
shaantir san°baad |
work of true love |
|
satya premer kaaj |
yihobaar saaksii |
|
Jehovah's Witness |
[Go to Grammar 4
Grammaire 4] [Exercice 4]
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Convert
the examples in the previous exercise to plural.
Transformer les exemples ci-dessus au pluriel.
[Go to Grammar 4
Grammaire 4] [Exercice 4]
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EXERCISE 5.1
EXERCICE 5.1
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
very good |
|
khub bhaala |
tini aabaar aas-ben. |
|
he / she will come again |
He came here. |
|
se ekhaane aas-lo |
Why did you come? |
|
tumi kena aas-le |
kakhan aas-ben? |
|
When will you (or he
/ she they) come? |
How do they know? |
|
taaraa kii-bhaabe jaane? |
se ekhan-i aas-be. |
|
he / she will come right now |
eei maanus-o ekhaane
chila. |
|
That particular man also was here |
The big man also went this way. |
|
bara maanus-o
edike aas-lo |
tomaraa e-bhaabe shikh-be
naa. |
|
YOU will not learn this way |
strii-raa-o |
|
women also |
aashaa-o |
|
hope, as well |
Please [you] say. |
|
dayaa kare bal_o. |
[Go to Grammar 5
Grammaire 5] [Exercice 5]
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EXERCISE 6.1
EXERCICE 6.1
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
I came, and he saw me |
|
aami aas-laam eban° se
aamaake dekh-lo. |
se
aas-lo kaaran tumi taa caaile. |
|
He (/ she ) came because you
wished it. |
You want it, so I will come. |
|
tumi taa caao, taai aami
aas-bo |
maa asustha, e-kaarane
aase ni. |
|
mother [is] unwell, therefore
[she] did not come. |
se taa bal-lo paache tumi
taa bhule yaao |
|
He (/she) said it, lest you forget
it. |
Do you know? |
|
tumi ki jaano? |
tini ki dekh-len? |
|
Did he (/she) see? |
Will you come? |
|
tumi ki aas-be? |
They do not listen; as a result
they do not know. |
|
taaraa shune naa; phalata
taaraa jaane naa. |
se aas-be athabaa aami
thaak-bo ekhaane. |
|
He (/she) will come, or I will stay
here. |
I think, therefore I am. |
|
aami mane kari, ejanya
(ekaarane / taai) aami aachi. |
[Go to Grammar 6
Grammaire 6] [Exercice 6]
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EXERCISE 7.1
EXERCICE 7.1
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
If you come, then you
will see. |
|
aapani
** yadi aas-ben tabe dekh-ben. |
se* yadi uttar jaane
tabe se uttar bale. |
|
If he ( / she) knows the answer,
then he ( / she) says the answer. |
If you listen then you will be
able to learn. |
|
tumi yadi shuno,
tabe [tumi] shikh-te paar-be. |
** NOTE: Remember, the preferred word order
here is to put “yadi” after the subject (doer); however, you can put “yadi”
first and still be understood.
** NOTE: Souvenez-vous que l’ordre préféré met “yadi”
après le sujet (faiseur); cependant, si on met “yadi” en première place,
on sera compréhensible.
[Go to Grammar 7
Grammaire 7] [Exercice 7]
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|
|
|
|
|
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
What do you think? |
|
[tumi] kii mane kar_o? |
aapani kii dekh_en? |
|
What do you see? |
What do you want? |
|
tumi kii chaa-o? |
What's that? |
|
taa kii [aache]? |
[Go to Grammar 8
Grammaire 8] [Exercice 8]
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EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
Who are you? |
|
tumi ke? |
ee maanus ke? |
|
Who [is] that man? |
Who is this girl? |
|
e meye ke? |
WHO are YOU? |
|
tomaraa kaaraa? |
ee netaaraa kaaraa? |
|
WHO [are] those leaders? |
WHO are these boys? |
|
e cheleraa kaaraa? |
WHO gave food? |
|
kaaraa khaadya dila? |
Who gives war? |
|
ke yuddha dey? |
yuddha ki kakhan-o shaanti
aane? |
|
Does war bring peace? |
WHO never make make war? |
|
kaaraa kakhan-o yuddha
kare naa? |
[Go to Grammar 8
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EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
Why did you come? |
|
aapani kena aas-len? |
se kena taa bal-lo? |
|
Why did he ( / she) say it? |
tumi kena aagaamii kaale
aas-be? |
|
Why will you come tomorrow? |
Why do they do that? |
|
taaraa kena taa kare? |
Why did you not see it? |
|
tumi kena taa dekho ni? |
** NOTE: Remember, the preferred word
order here is to put the interrogative “kena” after the subject (doer);
however, you can put “kena” first and still be understood.
** NOTE: Souvenez-vous que l’ordre préféré met
l’interrogatif “kena” après le sujet (faiseur); cependant, si on met “kena” en
première place, on sera compréhensible.
[Go to Grammar 8
Grammaire 8] [Exercice 8]
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EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
When did he (/she) come? |
|
se kakhan aas-lo? |
iishvaarer mahaa yuddha
kakhan habe? |
|
When will God's great war be? |
When will unending peace be? |
|
ananta shaanti kakhan habe? |
[Go to Grammar 8
Grammaire 8] [Exercice 8]
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EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
Where will they stand? |
|
taaraa kothaay daa^raabe? |
tumi kothaay aacho? |
|
Where are you? |
aami kothaay gelaam? |
|
Where did I go? |
Where [is] my book? |
|
aamaar bai kothaay? |
[Go to Grammar 8
Grammaire 8] [Exercice 8]
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EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
How do you know? |
|
kii-bhaabe jaanen? |
takhan keman habe? |
|
How will it be then? |
kii-bhaabe shun-len? |
|
How did you hear? |
How did you see? |
|
tumi kii-bhaabe dekh-le? |
How will you know? |
|
tumi kii-bhaabe jaan-be? |
prrithibiite jiiban keman
habe? |
|
How will life be on earth? |
How will war become ended? |
|
yuddha kii-bhaabe shes
haye yaa-be? |
[Go to Grammar 8
Grammaire 8] [Exercice 8]
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EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
Do you know the
question? |
|
aapani
ki prashna jaan_en? |
iishvar ki dekhen naa? |
|
Does God not see? |
Is hatred good? La haine est-elle bonne? |
|
ghrrinaa ki bhaalo? |
yuddha ki khaaraap nay? |
|
Is war not bad? |
maaraa ki bhaalo? |
|
Is hitting good? |
aapani ki ekhaane
thaak-ben? |
|
Will you stay here? |
Will disturbance remain forever? |
|
ashaanti ki ananta kaale
thaak-be? |
[Go to Grammar 8
Grammaire 8] [Exercice 8]
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Make up
statements and then insert ‘ki?’ to make them into questions. Put the ‘ki’ just
in front of the word whose validity is in question.
Préparer des énoncés et puis insérer ‘ki?’ pour les transformer en
questions. Mettre le mot ‘ki’ juste
avant le mot dont la validité est en doute.
Example:-
Exemples
aapani asustha … > … aapani ki asustha?
[Go to Grammar 8 Grammaire 8] [Exercice 8]
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EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
Which book [is] true? |
|
kon` bai satya? |
kon` kathaa bhul? |
|
What word [is] false? |
Which answer brings peace? |
|
kon` uttar shaanti aane? |
kon` san°baad shaanti bale? |
|
Which message speaks peace? |
Which leader [is] righteous? |
|
kon` netaa dhaarmik? |
[Go to Grammar 8
Grammaire 8] [Exercice 8]
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Make up
questions using “...will you go?” or “...will you see?”
Construire des questions en utilisant “…iras-tu? ou “…verras-tu?”
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
That thing
which I know, such thing I believe |
|
aami yaa jaani taa
bishvaas kari. |
tumi yaa dekho taa
ki bhaalo? |
|
That which you see, is such thing
good? (Is what you see good?) |
yaa yuddha aane aami
taa caai naa. |
|
That which brings war, I don't
want such a thing. (I don't want what brings war.) |
That which
brings peace — that I want. |
|
yaa shaanti aane — taa aami
caai |
yaa satya taa shikhaa
dar-kaar |
|
That which is true, learning such
is necessary. (It is necessary to
learn what is true.) |
What is bad —
that I think. |
|
yaa manda — taa aami mane
kari. |
[Go to Grammar 8
Grammaire 8] [Exercice 8]
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EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
The one [person] who
listens such a person learns. |
|
ye shune se shikhe. |
ye shaantipuurna se
shaanti paabe |
|
The one who is peaceful, such one
will receive peace. |
yaaraa jaane taaraa bale |
|
Those who know, such ones speak. |
The ones who are righteous they
will stay here. |
|
yaaraa dhaarmik, taaraa
ekhaane thaak-be. |
[Go to Grammar 8
Grammaire 8] [Exercice 8]
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EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
At the time at which I
come, at such time I will give it. (= I will give it when I come) |
|
aami ** yakhan
aas-bo, takhan [aami] taa dibo. |
ghrrinaa ** yakhan
shes habe, takhan shaanti habe. |
|
There will be peace when hatred is
ended. (= At the time when hatred will be ended, then peace will be.) |
When you want [then] I'll do it. |
|
tumi yakhan caao,
takhan aami taa kar-bo. |
He does it when he wants. |
|
tini yakhan caan,
takhan tini taa karen. |
** NOTE: The preferred word order here
is to put “yakhan” after the subject (doer); however, you can put “yakhan”
first and still be understood.
** NOTE: L’ordre préféré met le rélatif “yakhan”
après le sujet (faiseur); cependant, si on met “yakhan” en première
place, on sera compréhensible.
[Go to Grammar 8
Grammaire 8] [Exercice 8]
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EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
Where there is true
religion, there is love. |
|
satya dharma ** yekhaane
aach_e, se-khaane prem. |
aapani ** yekhaane yaa-ben,
sekhaane aami yaa-i ni. |
|
I did not go where you will
go. (= To the place to which you will go, to such place I did
not go.) |
Where there are people, there food
is necessary. |
|
yekhaane lok, sekhaane
khaadya dar-kaar. |
yekhaane bhul dharma,
sekhaane yuddha. |
|
Where [there is] false religion,
there [there is] war. |
Where there is love, there is hatred
of wickedness. |
|
yekhaane prem,
sekhaane dustataar ghrrinaa. |
** NOTE: The preferred word order is
to put “yekhaane” after the subject (doer), particularly if the verb
(action word) is stated. However, if the verb is unstated but silently
understood, you can put “yekhaane” first, this providing a more succinct
pattern of expression.
** NOTE: L’ordre préféré met le rélatif “yekhaane”
après le sujet (faiseur), et certainement si on énonce le verbe (le mot
d’action). Cependant, si on n’énonce pas
le verbe et c’est automatiquement compris, on peut mettre “yakhan” en
première place, et cela présentera une phrase plus succinct.
[Go to Grammar 8 Grammaire 8] [Exercice 8]
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EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
As peace is in heaven, so
it will be on earth. |
|
shaanti yeman svarge
aache teman-i prrithibiite habe. |
yeman saaksiiraa
bal-len teman-i hay. |
|
As the witnesses say, so indeed it
is ( / proves to be). |
As the Bible said, in that way we
see conditions today. |
|
baaibel yeman
bal-lo, teman aamaraa aaj-ke abasthaa dekhi. |
yeman caan teman-i khaan. |
|
Eat as you wish. |
[Go to Grammar 8
Grammaire 8] [Exercice 8]
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Exchange
greetings and discuss one's health.
Échanger des salutations et discuter la santé de chacun.
[Go to Grammar 9 Grammaire 9] [Exercice 9]
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Please make an
extra special effort to master the form, “I must …”.
Faire tout votre possible pour maîtriser la forme, “Je dois…”, s’il vous
plaît.
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
I must know. |
|
aamaar jaan-te habe. |
tomaar aas-te habe. |
|
You must come. |
They must listen. |
|
taader shun-te habe. |
We must speak. |
|
aamaader bal-te habe. |
aamaader yete habe |
|
We must go. |
Them also I must bring. |
|
taader-keo aamaar aan-te
habe. |
aamaader kaaj kar-te habe. |
|
We must (do) work. |
Please help. |
|
dayaa kare saahaayya
karo. |
[Go to Grammar 9
Grammaire 9] [Exercice 9]
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Please master
the form, “I have …”.
Maîtriser la forme “J’ai…”, s’il vous plaît.
EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
I have a hope. |
|
aamaar aashaa aache. |
tomaar ki samasyaa aache? |
|
Do you have a problem? |
They have parents. |
|
taader pitaamaataa aache. |
taar swaamii aache. |
|
She has a husband. |
He has a wife and a son. |
|
taar ek-jan strii eban°
ek-jan chele aache. |
I have no hope. |
|
aamaar aashaa nei. |
tomaar-o samasyaa nei? |
|
Do you not also have a problem? |
They have no parents. |
|
taader pitaamaataa nei. |
taar chelemeye nei. |
|
He ( / she) does not have
children. |
You have no book? |
|
tomaar bai nei? |
[Go to Grammar 9
Grammaire 9] [Exercice 9]
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EXAMPLES |
|
ANSWERS |
I saw a boy |
|
aami ek-jan cheleke
dekh-laam. |
aami ee tin-jan bon-ke
jaani. |
|
I know those three sisters. |
They spoke to five fathers. |
|
taaraa paa^c pitaader-ke
bal-lo. |
Four leaders spoke. |
|
caar-jan netaa bal-lo. |
I [did] read a book. |
|
aami ek-ti bai par-laam. |
se duitaa samasyaa
pelo. |
|
He ( / she) got two problems. |
They saw three fishes. |
|
taaraa tin-ti maach
dekh-lo. |
[Go to Grammar 9
Grammaire 9] [Exercice 9]
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© 1998-2017 Jaspell (Jasper Burford and Ellen Burford)
[Contactez-nous!] Date of
last edit: 4 November, 2017